# tblCneFr

Name:
the second a champagne argent a chief or a wreath between two vases azure each


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charged with a fleur de lis of the field.


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Azure a cross potent couped cantonned by four crosses crosslet in base three


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Azure a stag sejant in chief a capital letter S argent.


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Azure a castle triple towered argent in chief three fleurs de lis fesswise or.


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Or on a bend gules three escallops bendwise argent.


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Argent a thistle issuant from a mount vert.


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Argent a fess gules in base a tree on a terrace vert.


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Azure a capital letter S between three roses argent.


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Or on a bend gules three alerions argent.


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Azure a tower argent pierced sable from which flows a spring of the second


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Azure the capital letter S ensigned by three mullets 1


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Or three bunches of grapes gules slipped and leaved vert.


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Gules a tower roofed and with pennon or.


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Gules a capital letter S between in chief a crown in each of the flanks a fleur


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de lis and in base two annulets in fess or.


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Or on a cross pommety of eight points sable a dove volant the head downwards


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argent in chief a fleur de lis between two towers azure.


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Azure billetty a lion rampant crowned or armed and langued gules holding another


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crown sable lined gules a bar of metal twisted in the shape of the letter S


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Quarterly first azure the head of Caesar contourned argent second gules a bunch


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of grapes argent third gules a bunch of asparagus argent fourth azure a barbel


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Vert three oak trees issuant or on a champagne argent five bars wavy of the


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field a fish in fess of the second overall an inescutcheon per pale ermine and


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Azure a single arched bridge or masonned sable between two suns in their


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splendour one in dexter chief the other in sinister base.


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Argent an annulet sable between three lions rampant langued gules.


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Per pale gules an escarbuncle or and azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Bendy of six or and azure a bordure gules overall a canton ermine.


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Gules a five arched bridge a latin cross issuant between two towers a champagne


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Quarterly first ... an ear of corn in pale ... second ... a church ... third ...


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per fess ... a fish in fess ... and barry ... fourth ... a bunch of grapes ...


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overall a cartouche ... bearing a human figure surrounded by a motto.


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Azure a castle triple towered argent masoned sable between in chief a dove


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volant and in base a viper of the second.


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Azure a bridge of three arches with a latin cross in the centre argent masoned


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sable a champagne barry wavy of six vert and argent.


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Or the figure of Saint George mounted killing the dragon azure.


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Azure a fleur de lis or in chief a crescent argent.


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Azure a bend or overall a label of three points dovetailed a bordure argent.


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Argent a chevron azure in base a boar's head erased gules.


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Azure a castle triple towered argent on a champagne vert ensigned by a closed


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crown and between two barbels addorsed or.


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Azure a single arched bridge argent masonned sable supported by a bar wavy of


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the second in chief a fleur de lis and in base a trout or.


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Gules a cross argent cantonned by four birds sable.


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Gules a crozier in pale enfilading a capital letter S in base between in the


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flanks a mullet and a moon in dexter chief a sun in his splendour or.


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Barry of ten or and azure overall two quills palewise in fess argent.


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Sable on two bars argent two lions passant gules a chief or on a bend between


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two laurel wreaths proper three rocks argent.


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Gironny of twelve or and argent an inescutcheon per pale argent and gules.


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Argent two bars wavy vert a chief gules three ears of wheat or.


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Per pale barry of eight or and azure overall on the two bars in chief three


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annulets gules and quarterly first and fourth three pallets couped and a bordure


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conjoined all engrailed second and third barry of ten argent and azure a lion


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Argent a chevron azure in base a lion rampant or armed and langued gules.


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Per chevron enhanced gules dexter a bunch of grapes slipped and leaved sinister


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three ears of wheat conjoined in base argent and azure a castle double towered


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argent masoned sable pierced of the field ensigned by a fleur de lis or a


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Or on a pale between two lozenges argent a ploughshare sable on a champagne or


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three mallets gules and a narrow chief of the second.


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Azure semy of mullets or pierced of the field a lion rampant of the second.


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Azure a cross gules cantonned by four fleurs de lis d'or overall an inescutcheon


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of eight sides ... the entwined capital letters S and L sable.


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Per pale azure three nedlets or and or a wolf rampant azure.


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Gules a dolphin or finned and barbed azure a chief azure a mullet between two


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Argent three bendlets embattled counter-embattled gules.


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Or a coppiced? tree a terrace in base vert overall a boar passant sable armed


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Or a bend gobonny of five vert and argent.


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Argent three towers covered gules pierced and masoned of the field.


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Or a cross moline gules cantonned by four lozenges sable.


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Gules in chief a castle triple towered argent in base a dragon with six legs


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vert and scales devouring a man clothed or with hose azure and shoes sable.


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Azure a castle double towered argent between two olive branches crossed in


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Quarterly first and fourth sable fretty argent second azure a fleur de lis or


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Or three bendlets azure overall a column between in chief a mullet and a


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crescent increscent of the first a chief azure three roses or.


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Per pile reversed gules and or a Tau cross sable.


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Argent on a champagne embowed vert a bar wavy debased of the field a dexter


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canton barry of eight argent and gules a sinister canton or an eagle displayed


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sable dimidiating azure three fleurs de lis or overall a sword in pale the point


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downwards argent and overall a pastoral staff gules.


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Argent a dexter hand in pale issuant from base gules holding between thumb and


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forefinger a leafless branch ending in four volutes sable.


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Or a cross gules cantonned by sixteen alerions azure a canton azure a saltire


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Paly of six argent and azure overall a phoenix on its pyre or.


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Azure billetty overall a lion rampant argent armed and langued gules.


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Azure the letters TEMPLEUVE in bend double argent cotised or.


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Per pale or a fess azure between three martlets sable and gules a cross of


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Azure a double headed eagle displayed azure (sic) an inescutcheon ... a sun in


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Quarterly first azure a crozier in pale or second barry of six vair and gules


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third or a lion rampant sable fourth or a chief ermine.


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Argent a lion rampant azure langued and crowned gules.


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... in chief three swords fesswise in pale the points downwards ... in base two


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Gules a greyhound passant argent gorged of the field with studs and buckle or in


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Gules a bridge of three arches argent? a champagne azure.


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Quarterly first and fourth argent a cross gules second and third azure an eagle


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displayed between in chief a cross and a fleur de lis or.


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Per pale gules a fess argent and azure a fir tree eradicated or.


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Azure a tree eradicated vert betwen two fleurs de lis or.


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and third argent a bunch of grapes purpure slipped and leaved vert a chief or a


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Azure semy de lis or a tower argent masonned sable.


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Gules a lime tree eradicated or overall in base a latin cross flory fitchy sable


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Azure a castle triple towered the centre higher than those on the flanks or


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Argent a tree issuant vert between two fleurs de lis or.


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Gules a Tau cross the cross piece in the form of a label of four points between


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Argent a wine press gules banded and on a platform sable the screw vert three


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bendlets sinister argent a chief embattled vert.


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Gules a chevron between three lions rampant argent.


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Gules a castle triple towered argent in chief three fleurs de lis in fess or.


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Or an escarbuncle flory sable overall a ruby gules.


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Azure a key in pale the wards upwards and to the dexter between two pairs of


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weaver's shuttles in saltire or a chief gules a lion passant between two fleurs


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Argent three bull's heads caboshed sable.


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Argent a bend azure overall a Phrygian bonnet gules banded argent with a cockade


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azure and overall the bend cotised wavy azure.


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Per fess ... two bars nebuly ... and ... a sailing ship ... a champagne wavy ...


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Azure two towers in fess in chief a fleurs de lis or a chief vert a crescent


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ensigned by a mullet between two further mullets or.


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Sable a saltire cantonned by four eaglets argent.


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Azure a castle double towered enflamed argent.


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Argent three towers in fess gules a terrace in base vert.


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Or a kite rising sable beaked and membered perched on a rock issuant in chief an


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Gules a castle triple towered argent masoned sable pierced of the field in base


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the order of the Légion d'Honneur proper a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Vert a dexter hand blessing or within an annulet argent.


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Gules a cross of Toulouse supported by a staff or between two castles triple


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towered overall in base a Paschal lamb argent a chief azure semy de lis or.


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Vert a chevron in base a tower or a chief gules three bezants.


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Azure a pall lozengy argent and azure (sic).


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Or a castle double towered lozengy argent and gules.


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Azure a tower argent overall a chevron or.


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Gules a gateway flanked by two towers argent a chief azure three fleurs de lis


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Quarterly first and fourth gules on a lion rampant or a fess azure in chief


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three mullets of the second third and fourth azure a lion rampant argent armed


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Azure three towers argent masoned and pierced sable.


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Gules three lions rampant or crowned azure.


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Azure two saltires couped in fess or ensigned by a paschal lamb argent.


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Sable three towers argent a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Paly of six or and azure a chief gules three hydras or.


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Per pale azure a passion nail argent between three fleurs de lis or and azure


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semy de lis or overall on a pale and chief per pale vert and gules fimbriated or


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Azure a fess checky gules and argent between in chief an estoile of sixteen


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points and in base a cross of Toulouse or.


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Argent three capital letters B azur a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Gules an ermine passant gorged argent with a scarf ermine in chief four


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escallops in fess and in base three ... or.


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Ermine three bars gules in chief a label of three points dovetailed azure.


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... on a cross ... cantonned first and fourth by a fir tree ... a cockerel ...


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Or a key in pale the wards upwards and to the dexter gules.


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Gules a fess ermine between three cinquefoils or.


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Azure a three masted sailing ship on a champagne wavy argent.


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Gules two bars embattled counter embattled argent a sinister canton ermine a


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Vert a fess between three helms in profile argent.


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Azure a fess or between three battleaxes in pale argent.


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Argent a lion passant gardant between six martlets one in chief two in each


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Argent a tower covered gules masoned and pierced sable a chief azure three


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fleurs de lis or each accompanied in dexter base by a bendlet sinister couped


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Quarterly first gules three escallops or second and third azure three fleurs de


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Azure a chevron between three fleurs de lis or in base a champagne wavy argent a


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chief gules a mitre argent between two bunches of grapes slipped and leaved or.


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Argent on a pale gules a key in pale the wards upwards and to the dexter or a


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Or three bars sable a chief gules a dexter hand couped in fess the fingers to


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Azure three fleurs de lis or on an orle gules eight plates.


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Azure a trouvillaise fishing boat argent a champagne vert a chief gules three


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Azure a bend argent double cotised potent counter potent of thirteen or a chief


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Argent a chevron gules in base a ploughshare in pale the point in chief sable.


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Per pale argent a demi-eagle displayed sable and vert an ear of wheat in pale


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Azure on a mount or a boar's head sable a chief or the capital letter T between


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Or a chevron gules in base a swan argent a chief azure three mullets argent.


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Gules on a fess argent between three pitchers or a lion passant sable.


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Gules three chess rooks or a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Quarterly first and fourth azure a bend between two mullets or second gules a


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bridge of two arches or third or a wolf rampant azure.


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Gules a military boundary marker in pale argent bearing the figures VIII sable a


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Per fess or a lion rampant issuant gules and azure a millwheel or.


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Or three pitchers gules a chief azure semy de lis or on a cross argent a crozier


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Gules a lion passant gardant or armed and langued gules (sic) in chief two


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Or a fess in chief a lion passant sable.


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Gules in chief an escallop in base a crescent argent between two swords in pale


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Azure a door with lock and hinges or between three mullets two in chief one in


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Per pale or a lion rampant gules holding in his dexter paw a sword in bend


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sinister argent and azure a fleur de lys or.


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Or two bullocks in pale gules a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Barry of six argent and gules a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Azure a chevron or between three roses slipped and leaved argent.


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Barry of six argent and gules a chief gules two keys in saltire the wards


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Azure the figure of Saint Martin argent holding in his dexter hand a branch of


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Azure a capital letter V ensigned by a fleur de lis or.


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Azure a crescent argent between three crosses crosslet or 3


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Per pile reversed checky argent and azure and vairy of six or and gules.


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Or a vase argent ensigned by a cross paty a branch issuant sable between two


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bunches of grapes also issuant and curling over the sides of the vase leaved


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Azure a fortified wall with a tower argent masoned sable an inescutcheon per


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pale gules chains in cross in saltire and in orle or and azure a bend argent


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double cotised potent counter potent or.


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Gules a saltire or cantonned in the flanks by the capital letters V and L sable?


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Gules a tower argent pierced and masoned sable between the capital letters L and


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Azure a branch of palm in bend sinister or.


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Quarterly first azure two mullets in bend or second gules third azure billetty a


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lion rampant or fourth vert overall a cross nowy and an orle argent.


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Argent a bend wavy azure between two fleurs de lis gules.


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Argent three towers azure a terrace in base vert.


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Azure the capital letter V between three fleurs de lis or.


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Azure a bend between two fleurs de lis or a chief gules dexter a sun in his


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splendour ... sinister a swan nageant ... a champagne wavy ...


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... the capital letter V ... in chief a sun in his splendour ...


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Quarterly first or three demi antlers fesswise in pale sable second gules two


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barbels addorsed or third azure a cross of Malta argent fourth or a barrel


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Gules a tower domed argent between in chief two groups of three ears of wheat


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banded or on a terrace in base sable a bunch of grapes slipped and leaved of the


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Azure a crescent ensigned by two mullets in pale argent.


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Azure two keys in saltire the ward upwards and outwards argent.


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Azure a chevron or between in chief a crescent argent between two keys in pale


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the wards to the dexter and in base a sun in his splendour of the second a


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Azure two branches of palm in saltire or banded argent in chief a fleur de lis


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Gules a vine eradicated slipped leaved and fructed or a chief ermine.


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... a pair of wings conjoined ... a chief ... three gouttes ....


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Azure a bend argent between four roses or 2


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Azure a lynx courant argent in chief two ears of wheat in saltire between two in


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Azure a crescent between two keys in pale the wards upwards addorsed argent.


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Vert a prior's staff in pale issuant from the base or between two capital gothic


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letters V argent each ensigned by an acorn of the second a chief gules an


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De gueules à une hermine passante d'argent


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Gules an ermine passant with a scarf ermine.


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Per pile reversed azure a tree eradicated argent trunk sable and gules dexter a


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chub bendwise sinister a laundress' paddle bendwise sinister argent.


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Gules a lion rampant or a chief or the capital letters VARAGES sable.


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Argent a cross double traversed gules between two barbels addorsed azure a chief


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three fleurs de lis or a bendlet couped gules.


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Or a cross moline gules a canton or two lions passant gules.


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Per pale argent three bars gules a canton argent a chess rook gules dimidiating


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... two keys in saltire the wards upwards and outwards ...


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Barry of six argent and vert on the bars argent six martlets 3


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azure a passion nail argent between two fleurs de lis or.


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Azure a chevron between in chief a griffin's head erased contourned or and a


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lion's head erased argent and in base the capital letter V of the second a chief


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azure supported by a fillet three mullets or.


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Or dexter a wrench in pale gules overall a branch with two leaves argent


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sinister six bars couped on the dexter sable a lion rampant of the second


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... a dolmen proper a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Barry of six or and azure a chief argent.


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Tierced per chevron reversed gules three lions rampant or argent and azure two


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Azure in chief a key in fess the wards to the dexter in base a cross couped or


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an inescucheon argent a bend sable voided or between two roses gules.


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Gules an eight spoked water mill wheel in perspective or on a river azure.


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Or a cow passant gules on a mount issuant from base vert.


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Azure two pairs of wings conjoined in pale argent in chief a mullet in base


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between two cinquefoils as many ears of wheat in saltire or.


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Azure a sail argent on a mast sable in chief three mullets of the second.


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Or on a fess azure between in chief two roses gules and in base a moor's head


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Azure the figure of Saint Théodoric argent a chief or a cross gules.


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Or a saltire gules a chief argent the capital letters VENELLES sable.


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Checky or and azure a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


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Per pale paly of six or and gules and barry of ten argent and azure three


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chevrons the first couped gules on a chief azure supported by a devise indented


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argent a pottery vase or between two cogwheels argent.


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Argent a chief gules overall a lion rampant azure armed and crowned or.


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Gules a saltire lozengy argent and sable.


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Gules a key in pale the wards upwards and to the dexter between and anvil and a


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cogwheel or a chief or a dolphin azure? finned gules.


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Azure a mount rising from the sea argent a chief gules a sun in his splendour


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Gules a chevron argent between in chief two mullets and in base a crescent or.


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Per bend sinister ... a church ... and waves ... a buoy ... overall a bend


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Azure the figure of Saint Andrew carrying his cross or.


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Argent three trees in fess a terrace in base vert.


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Azure a column in pale argent in base two ears of wheat without leaves in


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Azure a cathedral of four steeples behind which there rises a belfry the whole


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Gules the impression of a town in base two bars wavy couped within a capital


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... a fig tree ... a terrace in base ...


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Or a tree vert overall a wolf passant a terrace in base of the second.


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Argent an estoile of sixteen points gules.


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Bendy of six checky or and gules and azure.


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Per fess argent a horse passant azure and sable a bend or.


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Per pale or a lion rampant gules a chief azure three fleurs de lis or and azure


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Argent three bunches of watercress vert banded or a chief azure three fleurs de


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Gules a tower in chief three mullets in fess argent.


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... a castle triple towered that in the the centre higher than the others ...


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between a crescent ... ensigned by a bull passant contourned ... and an estoile


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... ensigned by a bull passant ... each of the the two smaller towers ensigned


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by a cinquefoil ... a chief ... a lion passant gardant.


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Azure three fleurs de lys or a chief argent a double headed Gallic cock issuant


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Gules a tree proper a chief azure three mullets argent.


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Argent on the trunk of a yew tree eradicated vert a fleur de lis or dexter an


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ermine spot sable ensigned by a fleur de lis azure and sinister a fleur de lis


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also azure ensigned by an ermine spot also sable.


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Argent a heart gules pierced by an arrow in bend sinister the point upwards or.


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Ermine three fleurs de lis evanoui gules.


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Gules a tower conjoined to a fortified wall on the sinister argent pierced and


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Per pale azure a trout in pale argent and azure a bunch of grapes argent a chief


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Gules three fleurs de lis or a chief azure a basilica argent between ten bezants


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Quarterly first and fourth barry of ten argent and sable second and third azure


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Argent a castle double towered gules pierced and masoned sable.


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Quarterly first and fourth azur a lion rampant argent armed and langued gules


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second and third gules three the wards upwards and to the dexter 2


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Azure a mullet or between three crescents argent.


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Azure a carpenter's brace and bit in pale or.


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Or a lion rampant contourned gules armed and langued azure holding in his paws


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an antique mirror argent framed vert a chief per pale quarterly first gules


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chains in cross in saltire and in orle or second and third or two cows passant


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gules horned hooved and belled azure fourth or three pallets gules and azure


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Or on a fess azure a fleur de lis of the field.


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Azure the figure of Saint Léocardie holding in her hand a branch of palm or.


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Or two bars azure overall two pallets argent.


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Or on a hurt a sword in pale the point upwards and a pair of scales sable? a


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chief argent a moor's head sable wreathed argent between two peaks tenné.


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Gules two lances in saltire the points upwards cantonned by four fleurs de lis


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Azure a fess argent between three roses or a chief azure a passion nail argent


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Or an elm tree eradicated of five vert with a ribbon argent charged with the


Name:
Gules two dolphins affronty each ensigned by a crown holding in their mouth a


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single bunch of grapes in base a crescent or.


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Azure three martlets argent on a chief gules supported by a filet wavy argent


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Argent three fleurs de lis couped gules.


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Gules a vine fructed on a champagne argent an inescutcheon or a cross sable.


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Sable a fess and a bar wavy argent between in chief an escarbuncle between two


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garbs and in base a bunch of grapes slipped and leaved or.


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Argent a lion rampant regardant or holding in his dexter paw a branch of vine


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vert fructed gules a canton gules a sword in pale or.


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Azure an eagle displayed or dimidiating barry of eight or and azure.


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Argent a tree eradicated vert between in the flanks two mullets azure and in


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Sable fretty argent a chief argent a lion rampant issuant gules langued and


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Gules on a branch in bend sinister slipped and leaved proper a squirrel proper?


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a chief azure a leaf between two acorns or?


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Azure a chevron argent a chief gules three bezants.


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Or on a mount two fir trees vert overall a bear passant sable armed and with eye


Name:
Tierced per fess azure two mullets in fess argent paly of four argent and gules


Name:
and or two alder trees eradicated in fess proper.


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Vert a billiards cue in pale argent the bevelled part gules.


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Or a terrace in base vert overall the representation of a town on the edge of a


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Gules three towers argent on a champagne vert.


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Azure a chevron argent between in chief two towers or masoned sable and in base


Name:
a lion rampant of the third langued gules.


Name:
Per pale argent a walnut tree vert a chief gules a cross potent and gules a


Name:
Argent a chevron between in chief two horse flies and in base a pestle and


Name:
Azure a comb in fess or a bordure gules.


Name:
Argent a cross azure cantonned by four eagles displayed gules beaked and


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Per pale azure semy of bees or and azure semy of roses or overall a pile


Name:
Gules the representation of two walled towns entwined in saltire argent.


Name:
Azure a cross argent overall a castle triple towered or pierced of the second.


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Per pale argent a cross couped gules and or eighteen billets


Name:
Azure a hunting horn argent stringed and garnished gules between three mullets


Name:
Azure a tree proper on a terrace in base vert a chief gules a cross argent.


Name:
Gules a bridge of three arches between two towers issuant in the flanks argent


Name:
masoned sable a cross of Toulouse or a champagne wavy azure a chief azure three


Name:
Gules a fortified gateway a dexter tower conjoined argent masoned sable a chief


Name:
azure three fleurs de lis or each charged with a bendlet couped gules.


Name:
Gules in chief a cross of Toulouse or in base two towers in fess argent masoned


Name:
sable a chief azure three fleurs de lis or.


Name:
Gules an axe and fasces in pale between two doves volant affronty holding in


Name:
their beak a single banderole argent a terrace in base sable overall in base two


Name:
Per fess or a bend azure and gules a lion passant gardant argent.


Name:
Azure a gateway argent masoned sable in chief the figure of the Virgin supported


Name:
by two angels or surrounded by a cloud of the second.


Name:
Lozengy or and gules an inescutcheon or a dragon passant gules memvered azure.


Name:
Gules a fortified wall argent masoned sable between in chief a crescent of the


Name:
second itself between two mullets and in base a third or.


Name:
Azure a chief indented or a lion passant sable armed and langued gules.


Name:
Bleu-céleste a tower argent pierced and masoned sable on a terrace in base azure


Name:
a crescent argent a chief gules a lion passant gardant or.


Name:
Parti per pale azure three fleurs de lis or and azure the head of a crozier in


Name:
Per bend sinister gules and argent a tower tenné on a mound embowed in sinister


Name:
base charged with a bull and bullfighter proper the arc of the mound edged with


Name:
a double row of gouttes or overall a knife and fork in saltire overall a platter


Name:
bearing a goose and a bottle all proper.


Name:
Azure a lymphad on a champagne wavy argent a chief gules a crossbow in pale


Name:
Azure semy de lis or a chief gules three bunches of grapes slipped and leaved


Name:
... three towers conjoined ... in chief three fleurs de lis or.


Name:
Azure Saint George and the dragon argent a terrace in base azure (sic) an


Name:
inescutcheon sable three plates between three fleurs de lis or.


Name:
Azure on a bridge of five arches three towers the centre tower higher than the


Name:
other two argent masoned sable the two smaller towers ensigned by a fleur de lis


Name:
Azure three towers each ensigned by a fleur de lis or.


Name:
Sable a saltire lozengy argent and vert.


Name:
Azure two palm trees their branches conjoined in an arch or.


Name:
Azure two barbels addorsed flanked by two or with in chief and in base an


Name:
Azure an inescutcheon between eleven billets in orle argent.


Name:
Argent two bendlets sable a chief vert three cinquefoils pierced argent.


Name:
Argent a fleur de lis couped between three lions rampant sable.


Name:
Azure the capital letters HFH in fess between in chief a royal closed crown or


Name:
and in base a salamander the head contourned argent.


Name:
Per bend sinister or a Viking drakkar ... on waves ... and vert an ammonite ...


Name:
overall on the partition in sinister chief a seven pointed star counterchanged.


Name:
and as many crosses crosslet in pale dimidiating or a blast furnace sable


Name:
enflamed and flowing gules on a champagne also sable.


Name:
Azure a paschal lamb and in dexter chief a saltire couped argent.


Name:
Gules the representation of a town a terrace in base argent in chief a dolphin


Name:
Or a chief azure overall a dexter hand clothed with a maniple ermine.


Name:
Azure a chevron or between three eagles displayed argent a bordure of the


Name:
Azure a castle triple towered argent masoned sable between three fleurs de lis


Name:
Argent a bunch of grapes sable slipped and leaved vert.


Name:
Argent a chevron gules between three bunches of grapes azure slipped and leaved


Name:
Azure a cross or cantonned by four keys addorsed the wards upwards argent.


Name:
Per pale ermine and or a branch of ... vert a narrow chief gules.


Name:
Gules a castle triple towered argent in base three plates 1


Name:
Vert a fess debased or overall a bunch of asparagus argent.


Name:
Azure a cross of Malta argent overall on a heart gules the capital letters VINON


Name:
Or a bunch of grapes sable slipped vert.


Name:
Azure a crozier in pale enfilading the strings of a hunting horn between in


Name:
chief two fleurs de lis and in base two bunches of grapes or.


Name:
... the figure of Saint Etienne proper vested as a deacon his alb argent and his


Name:
dalmatic gules edged or holding in one hand a branch of palm and in the other


Name:
Gules an arrow in pale point downwards between two towers argent masoned sable.


Name:
Paly counter paly of six gules and argent.


Name:
Per pale azure three lizards palewise in fess argent a chief gules three mullets


Name:
or and gules an oak tree eradicated or a chief azure a fleur de lis or.


Name:
Checky or and azure a chief vert an aircraft propellor in fess or.


Name:
Azure a dolphin or overall a fess argent.


Name:
Gules a lion rampant argent crowned or armed sable.


Name:
Or a tree on a rock vert in sinister base a river in bend sinister issuant


Name:
Azure dexter a rock argent sinister a lion rampant argent.


Name:
Azure a salamander crowned or enflamed gules a chief azure three fleurs de lis


Name:
Argent on a tree between six smaller poplars on a terrace vert a spool and


Name:
Azure a castle double towered argent ensigned by a crown or on a terrace in base


Name:
Azure lictor's rods argent banded gules.


Name:
Quarterly first and fourth lozengy or and sable second and third gules two keys


Name:
in saltire the wards upwards and outwards argent overall an inescutcheon per


Name:
Azure three fleurs de lis or a chief argent two capital letters W gules.


Name:
Argent a castle double towered ... covered gules.


Name:
Azure a cockerel or crested and barbed gules.


Name:
Per fess gules a stag passant wounded by an arrow argent and azure two weaver's


Name:
Or on a bend sable three fusils of the field.


Name:
third gules two keys in saltire the wards upwards and outwards or.


Name:
Gules two capital letters V one reversed entwined or in the centre a cross


Name:
... a battle axe in fess ... overall a helmet ... between the capital letter V


Name:
... in chief the word Vouille and in base dexter the words la bataille and


Name:
sinister the figures 86190 a chief fringed? ... a horned helmet ... between two


Name:
Azure two lions rampant affronty argent holding a bunch of grapes purpure


Name:
Gules a garb banded of the field within an orle of eight mullets or.


Name:
Per pale or and azure overall two crescents addorsed counterchanged.


Name:
Quarterly first and fourth argent a wolf passant sable second and third a garb


Name:
Argent two flags in saltire with staffs banded argent the dexter azure three


Name:
fleurs de lis or the sinister or a bend gules three alerions argent a chief also


Name:
Per bend azure a hot air balloon argent and vert a mermaid argent overall on a


Name:
Vert a greyhound rampant argent gorged or.


Name:
Sable a lion rampant argent armed and langued a bordure gules.


Name:
Gules a castle double towered with portcullis argent masonned or.


Name:
Or a fess gules between three lions passant gardant sable.


Name:
Per pale gules a swan's neck erased argent and argent a lion rampant sable a


Name:
Per pale gules a dexter hand proper clothed azure holding a sword in pale argent


Name:
pommelled between two pebbles or and or a dragon sable the eyes also or.


Name:
Argent a branch of a fir tree vert flanked by a sickle the blade contourned and


Name:
a ploughshare the point downwards gules.


Name:
Or on a bend gules three millrinds argent.


Name:
Azure diapered argent a chief gules a cross argent.


Name:
Per fess per pale azure three fleurs de lis or and gules chains in cross saltire


Name:
and in orle or overall an emerald vert and argent a chevron gules between three


Name:
Azure a pall or a chief gules a lion passant or.


Name:
Azure five cocks in saltire in base a fleur de lis or.


Name:
Gules two garbs in chief two weaver's shuttles in saltire or.


# tblCountryCode

Description:
Deutsch-Römische Reich, incl. Holsten og Austria


Description:
Middle East, Palestine, Turkey & Latin Kingdoms


Description:
Russia and Eastern Europe, north of Danube


Description:
other countries, heroes and fantasy items


# tblCrestFig

CreNote:
??, et ?? ørnehoved over en trappeskåret tretindet ?? mur


CreNote:
en blå lilje på en rød stage mellem to røde halvmåner på blå stager


CreEN:
star ch. mount garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
triangular fan, broadest on top, ch. with the arms of the bearer


CreNote:
NOTE: 
-: 2 plumes of feathers might be reduced forms of wings erect when combined with a figure in between;


CreNote:
ti jernklædte arme, der holder et knippe sølv spyd


CreNote:
en sølv pil mellem en rød og en blå strudsfjer


CreNote:
(bag hjelmen) to kors dannet af (fjer ?)


CreNote:
et halvrundt stykke mur besat med [påfjer ?]


CreNote:
et pilehoved skaktavlet i rød/sølv, besat med fire påøjne


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with cock feathers


CreNote:
= annulet filled, with or without handles (al. draughtsman, checker, dambrik)


CreNote:
en halv blåklædt mand med sølv hat, der i dekster holder en blå rose på grøn stilk og i sinister en sølv gedde


CreNote:
et blåt vesselhorn med tre sølv roser og et sølv med blå roser


CreNote:
= semé de France (R14), kun om det franske kongevåben; ellers # (lilje)


CreNote:
ung + guldhåret = virgin's head crined or = tête de pucelle


CreNote:
-: bearded head with pointed and tufted bonnet, usually upturned = mit Zipfelmütze = med nissehue;
= Heidenkopf
RE:  Kleve;


CreEN:
Midas' head = man's head with donkey's ears

CreFR:
tête de Midas = tête d'homme avec oreilles d'âne


CreNote:
= morianshoved = blåmandshovede.pr = 'moor's head vulted' = 'tete de maure tortillé' = blackamoor's head


CreNote:
= skaldet + skægløs = bald and not bearded


CreNote:
omkranset af snoet vulst = man with torse around head, usually bearded;


CreNote:
nærmere i specifikation af hovedform og udseende i blasonfeltet


CreNote:
= ben + lår + fod = thigh-leg-foot
RE: hose (if dressed)


CreNote:
Lat -> OFr.  'hand contre-appaumé'. 'Schwurhand' (3+2 fingre) = 'Ulster-hand' = hand aversant


CreNote:
= woman isst, usually without arms = Rümpfe = virgin isst
.. vêtue échichete .. chapeau


CreNote:
mands- eller kvindefigur med hoved, arme og ben ** 'stående kutteklædt mand' = 'homme habilé'


CreNote:
3 ben radialt; Triquetra = 'jambes posses en triangle'


CreNote:
-: chapeau turned up ermine  = cap of maintenance = abacot


CreNote:
bredskygget hjelmform, ikke 'jernhat' = braobrimmed helmet = montfauchon-type


CreNote:
= barrel helmet = great helmet
-:'tøndehjælm med vesselhorn' = 'heaume avec proboscides' = hjälm med horn' (NHT).


CreNote:
= usually with strut = cuculus (lat.) u/strut (NMT:308) = Kaputze (DE) = struthætte


CreNote:
broadbrimmed and tasseled hat used by higher prelates


CreNote:
crest coronet = couronne heraldique
see also: imperial, mural, antique
 ANV: som skjoldfigur oftest med tre bladformede spidser, hvoraf den midterste er helt, de yderste halvt synlige; ellers specificeres typen, med mindre der er tale om en indlysende rangkrone (fx. fyrstekrone i F.Metternich).


CreNote:
= cygne essorant (GEL:321, incl. feet, Boos DB 361) = buste de cygne entre vol aux armes (BHM:1213);


CreNote:
DEF: 7 (12) takker = Heidenkrone = Strahlenkrone = Zackenkrone


CreNote:
PRIM: 6-tak + hul.  ** VAR: 8-tak egl sporehjul, DK.


CreNote:
frembrydende fra højre hjørne / couchant (venstre)


CreNote:
FR: mangestrålet sol-ansigt. ** JF: sun in splendour.


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with elm branches

CreFR:
2 cornes garnies de batons ornés de feuilles de tilleul

CreNote:
\GRU = .. sticks each with 3/5 hanging elm leaves (actually decorative hearts) = 2 cornes garnies chacune de 3/5 batons ornés de feuilles de tilleul


CreNote:
= pentagram  =  femstjerne = marekors = Pentalpha = Alfenfuss;
Fig.25n70


CreNote:
tiltagende måne med ansigt = 'måne med ansikte'


CreNote:
\XUR = no legs, mouthpiece balled, i.e. bugle horn unstringed


CreNote:
stamme m/ rundpuklet krone.  ** VAR: 'ottetalformigt bugtet lindegrene' i Gf.Seckendorf (P257).


CreNote:
= vinge med opadrettede fjer = wing extended sideways = wing fesswise upwards = wing with feathers upwards (single or double);
\GEL:14=27r2;


CreNote:
= 2 ibex' horns addorsed = 2 ibex' horns cch


CreEN:
banner betw bull's horns garnished with banners

CreNote:
to vesselhorn hver besat med tre bannere delt sort/sølv og et tilsvarende banner


CreNote:
to vesselhorn, hver besat med tre naturligt farvede tidsler


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with peacock eyes


CreNote:
PRIM:  fra oven;  coquille St.Jacques = Jakobsmuschel = Pilgermuschel (DE);  REF: Q140


CreNote:
fan of peacock feathers set closely
RE: påhale = roue de paon (Brault EB);


CreNote:
unusual way for a crest, flukes standing on helmet, eye up;


CreNote:
to blå vesselhorn sammmenbundet med et sølv klæde = 2 cornes en haut enveloppées á un bandeau (BHM:755)


CreEN:
2 bull's horns each tipped with a peacock feather


CreNote:
= swan's head and neck = tête et col de cygne


CreNote:
sølv, fra skjoldrandene to blå ærmer, med hænder, der holder en blå lilje


CreNote:
1)  heraldisk , fra 1179 i FR kongevåben (P255). 
2)  botanisk => havelilje.  
3)  'uden fod' = 'fleur de lis coupé' / Artois  
4)  'au pied nourri' / brabantisk lilje (NHT270) Cb117,M410,R14) 
5)  florentiner, med støvdrager (NHT269).


CreNote:
DEF: spidsen nedad.  *1* pilejern (lige sider) = pilespids = pileod = broad arrow = dart (V73) = javelot = fer-de-fleche = Pfeilspitze.  *2* pheon (karvskåret inderside).


CreEN:
2 arms holding sword in chaplet of roses

CreNote:
to nøgne arme, der holde en kårde og en krans af roser


CreNote:
d-: details specified; often bearded  = tête d'homme barbu


CreNote:
ALSO: vandmøllehjul = water wheel of 6 fellies = roue cannelée (Becz); 
PL: Rozdalowitz, Becz


CreNote:
= wings addorsed = wings endorsed  = vol = 2 demi-vols = vol fermé (MIL) = demi-vol;
-: standard expression, also used when only one wing is visible in profile (e.g. in GRU), and for wings erect (e.g. GEL), mostly an artistic form generally used in certain armorials, though sometimes kept in later armorials and on seals;
-: in certain instances wings erect are reduced to feather plumes (e.g. ING:963);
-: AG = dx wing Ar, sn wing Gu;
RE:
-: wings erect = vols-bannerets (a.m.Gelre) = vol a l'antique = Federbuschartiger Flug = Bannerflug = vingebusk
-: wings extended (sideways) = vol recourbé;


CreNote:
mellem to sorte vinger en sort gryde med bunden i vejret


CreNote:
en rød pren omgivet af ni røde kugler og seks påfjer


CreNote:
-: for crest only one term is used 'star', usually six-poited as in german heraldry, but occasionally seven- or eight-pointed; the five-pt mullet is rare as a crest;


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with roundels cch


CreEN:
2 talons in saltire holding saltire checky

CreNote:
to opadvendte, krydsede ørnelår, der holder et andreaskors tavlet sort og sølv


CreNote:
udfyldende. 
JF: flanchis (små svævende andreaskors)


CreNote:
to nøgne arme, der holder en krans af [sølv] roser


CreNote:
SYN: vildsvin = basse = vildbasse (Q129)


CreNote:
gult, pælvis to røde grifkløer = griffin's claws;


CreNote:
et guld hjortevie og en halv vifte tværdelt fem gange i blå og guld


CreNote:
= bøffelhorn = vesselhorn = proboscides = cornes de buffle (BHM:738) = cornes de boeuf = Büffelhörner
-: AG = dx horn Ar, sn horn Gu;


CreNote:
basis 1: egetræ m/krone;  variant 2: stamme m/ 4 egeblade og 2 agern


CreEN:
peacock feather betw bull's horns garnished with peacock feathers


CreNote:
a (palisaded) basket filled with a large sheaf of pennons


CreNote:
= with judenhut = buste de vieillard barbé
RE:  bust of moor; bust of man with cap


CreNote:
RE: falk.hætte = jagtfalk (sid. m/hætte) = 'hooded close' = 'faucon chaperonné'. F241 = anot (midEN)
BEM: samme figur som høg


CreNote:
per pale, incl. antlers cch = 2 demi-ramures = ramure


CreNote:
en halv sølv ulv mellem otte faner vekselvis guld og blå


CreEN:
arms in saltire each holding tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
fem/tre strudsfjer vekselvis blå/sølv mellem to oprejste gedebukke


CreNote:
to jernklædte arme, der holder en rød rose


CreNote:
to sølv vesselhorn belagt med tre sorte sparrer om en sort vinge


CreEN:
cornucopia ch. arms tipped by peacock plume

CreNote:
-: pointed, slightly coned cap or pipe charged with the arms of the bearer, tipped with a panache of peacockeyes = tuyau aux armes sommé de plumail ou panache de paon
NOTE:
-: crowns or roundels might be added as specified in comments to the item;


CreNote:
plain fan bordered with (cock/heron's) feathers


CreEN:
fleur-de-lis betw bull's horns garnished with fleurs-de-lis

CreNote:
to røde vesselhorn, hver besat med tre guld liljer, om en guld lilje


CreNote:
dekster et sort vesselhorn og sinister et rødt hjortevie


CreNote:
RE: heron; duck and goose, if beak is long and flat;


CreNote:
= undecorated fan of semi-circular shape = éventail  = écran = Schirmbrett (wurfpartenformig) = Wäle = Fächer
REF:
-: Walther MAN 76;


CreNote:
to jernklædte arme, der holder en sort krage med udslagne vinger


CreNote:
ørneklo = talon (ofte med lår) = Eagle's Claw = Claw.
\GRU:791 = claws upwards;


CreNote:
et sort ørneben mellem to guld (?) vesselhorn


CreNote:
to sorte ørneben, der holder et rødt hjerte


CreNote:
en halv blå slange mellem to vesselhorn tværdelt sølv/blå og blå/sølv


CreNote:
-: usually 5 ostrich feather grouped closely, colours from dx;


CreNote:
et grønt egeblad mellem to grå træstammer


CreNote:
en busk påfjer og en busk af fem strudsfjer en våbenfarverne sølv/guld/blå


CreNote:
en rød rose mellem to vesselhorn tværdelt sølv/rød og rød/sølv


CreNote:
en busk af otte påfjer besat med to røde [nelliker]


CreNote:
blomsterkrans = 'floral wreath' = 'chaplet of roses' = 'garland' (crhs) = Rosenschapel
-: ring, annulet, couronne d'epines


CreEN:
chaplet enclosing bust of woman holding sword

CreNote:
i en krans af vekselvis røde og sølv roser, en halv jomfru, hvis klædning er kløvet sølv/rød og holdende et sværd


CreNote:
to nøgne arme, der holder en halv krans af [sølv] roser


CreEN:
2 arms each holding a rose slipped in saltire

CreNote:
to nøgne arme, der holder to krydsede grønne stilke med hver sin røde rose


CreNote:
pælvis tre sølv stjerner mellem to vesselhorn tværdelt sølv/blå og blå/sølv


CreNote:
korsstillet fem røde ruder mellem to vesselhorn tværdelt rød/sølv og sølv/rød


CreNote:
en sølv terning mellem  to vesselhorn tværdelt blå/sølv og sølv/blå


CreEN:
fan ch. arms garnished with peacock eyes


CreNote:
-: showing breast;
RE:
-: eagle's head betw wings;


CreNote:
guld, korslagt to sorte træer med lancetformede blade


CreNote:
sølv, fra sinister rand to blåklædte arme, der holder en blå morgenstjerne


CreNote:
-: ibex' horn straight  and leaning back, [incl. back-curled corne de bélier];
RE: ibex' horn curled forward;


CreNote:
two quartercircular fans, undecorated and bordered with simple feathers


CreNote:
wings semy of elm leaves (hearts, waterlily leaves) and possibly having feathers tipped with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with elm leaves

CreFR:
cornes de boeuf garniés de feuilles de tilleul


CreNote:
tre ?? strudsfjer mellem to ?? vesselhorn


CreEN:
bear passt across column tipped with peacock feathers

CreNote:
en narturlig farvet gående bjørn foran en rød søjle kronet af fem påfjer


CreNote:
= bådshagespids; crochet = krog; bådshagejern = fer de gaffe;
RE: harpoon iron;


CreNote:
longboat with tufts of feather at each end


CreNote:
= peacock tal = queue de paon = forest of peacock feathers = plumail de paon
FIG: usually oval-triangular in form;


CreNote:
en syvoddet stjerne med påøjene på fem spidser


CreEN:
boar's head winged betw 2 arms holding a crown

CreNote:
et ?? vinget vildsvinehoved mellem to jernklædte arme, hver besat med tre fjer, som holder en krone


CreNote:
= bull's face = rencontre de taureau (coat of arms only)


CreNote:
RE: swan rising = swan's head betw wings


CreNote:
et sølv ulvehoved mellem et blåt og et sølv vesselhorn


CreEN:
fan hexagonal ch. arms garnished with peacock tails


CreNote:
= hund med strittende ører = hound
¤ talbot isst / talbot's head is also also used for greyhound collared isst / greyhound's head collared


CreNote:
DEF: opadrettet korslagte fjerklædte lår med klo = eagle's legs


CreNote:
dekster fem strudsfjer og sinister fem faner, vekselvis sølv og rødt


CreEN:
feather betw bull's horns garnished with feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with fans feathered


CreNote:
(ulve)hoved og vinger = demi chauve-souris (inach.) (Cb); demi-dragon; tête et col de loup posé en bande, ailée;
-:  dragon issant basket = emblem of the fée Mélusine  -- Pastoureau HS 242;


CreNote:
see figures-of-arms, wyvern (EN) replaced by dragon;


CreNote:
to jernklædte arme, der holder et opadrettet sværd


CreNote:
a small bird like a crow or dove, sitting  /standing, wings folded = bird close


CreNote:
-: often tipped in the upper (first mentioned) colour;


CreNote:
en rød egegren med tre grønne blade svævende mellem to vesselhorn tværdelt rød/grøn og grøn/modsat


CreNote:
en halv rød grif med et belagt sølv bånd mellem to vesselhorn tværdelt rød/sølv og sølv/rød


CreNote:
fem strudsfjer vekselvis blå og guld mellem to korslagte hamre med guld skaft og blåt hoved


CreNote:
(1) alment = løftet fod = 'coq hardi' = 'kampfbereit';  (2) syngende = 'coq chantant' == gallisk hane = 'gallier' = gallus (lat.).


CreEN:
chaplet enclosing cock's head betw wings

CreNote:
et rødt hanehoved i en grøn krans mellem to røde vinger


CreEN:
2 antlers garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
to jernklædte arme, der holder et rødt hjerte


CreEN:
bugle horn stringed tipped with 3 feathers


CreNote:
-: type not specified, see also: tartar, phygian, jew's / antique and cap pointed;


CreNote:
to panserklædte arme, der holder en blå jødehue med rødt opslag


CreNote:
= tête de dogue 
-: ear of talbot often ch. arms;
-: also used for greyhound's head, with pointed snout and ears;
RE:
-: tête de lapin = hare's head [long pointed ears];


CreNote:
en sort kam mellem en guld og sort vinge


CreNote:
= actually crane's head = en sølv tranehals besat med fem guld bjælder


CreNote:
to nøgne arme i blå ærmer, der holder en sølv kirkeklokke


CreNote:
to nøgne arme, der holder en krone kløvet i sølv og blåt


CreNote:
= head, crowned woman's = buste de reine de carnation


CreNote:
en rød lilje mellem to vesselhorn tværdelt sølv/rød og rød/sølv


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with fleurs-de-lis

CreNote:
et rødt og et sølv vesselhorn, hver ender i en halv lilje af modsat farve


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with 2 birds and meeting in an estoile


CreNote:
en sølv knibtang, der holder en lilje, delt i sølv/blå


CreNote:
fan of semi-circular shape, the whole surface charged with the arms of the bearer = écran en forme de demi-vol aux armes (Boos GOR)
\DWF:154 = 8 palettes aux armes disposés en éventail;


CreEN:
man's head and ibex horn garnished with estoiles


CreNote:
et jernklædt ben med guld spore = mailed foot spurred


CreEN:
human leg bended mailed and  tipped with plume

CreNote:
et opadrettet jernklædt ben med spore og fjerbusk på knæet


CreEN:
star on crescent tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
*2* jernet fra møllestenen = anille = møllejern = fer-de-moline = inkmoline = mill-ink (Px).  *1* H-formet jernbeslag til befæstning af murværk (sd).


CreNote:
DEF: buet sværd med indskæring i klingens ryg ()


CreNote:
DEF: fyrlampe på stage (Q) =  'fire-bucket on a pole with a ladder' (V55)


CreNote:
spændt bue med anlagt pil = 'mit Pfeil belagter Bogen'


CreNote:
'Brand' = knudret gren med flere opstigende flammer


CreNote:
forveksles let med bajonet (fx Gontard).


CreNote:
stokkeknippe ombundet med lædersnore  båret af liktorerne (med istukket økse) og i legionslejrene.


CreNote:
= gleveblad = rangier = feuille de glaive
Gleve = lanse med spids formet som en halv lilje; (Mid) stagevåben;  evt betegnelse for lilje (Ostwald LH) = 
RE: coulter = coutre


CreNote:
= pickhammer = marteau d'armes = maillet


CreNote:
= 'wheel embattled' = square cogs;
RE: cogwheel = roue dentée = Kammrad
-: incl. tooth-shaped cogs;


CreNote:
= 2 cors de chasse = hunting horns, stringed = 2 huchets enguichés renversés;
-: mouthpiece up, most common form;


CreNote:
= Hifthorn (DE) = hunting horn without straps, not stringed, placed horizontally;


CreNote:
DEF: tværstillet; takket redskab til at flå hampestængler til fibre; pluralis (Px947;Br134).   ** SYN: hørkam ? = 'broye' /MoFr (jr).     ** JF: hesteklemme = næseklemme * figurerne forveksles ofte (jr;64H190) * muligvis identisk med hørhegle = hackle; hørrive = hørkam = ripple; hørskætte.


CreNote:
'square beacon' * ildkurv = cresset = fire basket (V117) = firepan


CreNote:
see details in comments ¤ decoré = garni


CreNote:
stang til at bryde og omrøre kalk (P220;S84). ** ikke gaffel / 'Gabel'.


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with clover leaves


CreNote:
specificeres. JF: Jagdmesser = Waidmesser.


CreNote:
DEF: tilspidset Z-formet figur. Ireglen skråbjælkevis - en bande
 * krampe / brod til hestesko / ulvehage /NO, ej DK (NHT).  ** JF: murhage (fladendet) * crampet = hjerte-var.


CreNote:
= 'kurzgestiehle, achteckige, kolbenformiger Waffe' = war mace


CreEN:
shovel tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
stof draperet over præstens underarm ved nadveren, c.1.2 m langt og rektangulært, i katolske og anglikanske lande.


CreNote:
hattemager-redskab  = hatter's tool, e.g. Worshipful Company of Hatband Makers;


CreNote:
søjle med tilspidset tag, op ad hvilke står en pilgrimsstav


CreNote:
*1* H-formet jernbeslag til befæstning af murværk = muranker = ancre de muraille posée en fasce (NHT) = Hausanker = Crampen (sd) = Maueranker (P) = fer-de-moulin = anille. 
JF: møllejern = anille.
REF: Fox-Davies 293


CreNote:
DEF: fladendet Z-formet figur (C253a).  ** SYN: murhage = Hacken = Döppelhaken.  ** JF: krampe (spidset) = 'crampon'.


CreNote:
twisted horn = overflødighedshorn = snoet og bøjet opsats = cornucopia = horn of plenty (without fruits etc.)


CreNote:
fig = ?, ombøjet værktøj til ophængning af saltpander.


CreNote:
= coutre de charrue
RE: gleveblad = glaive blade


CreNote:
usually tasseled, usually lozengy in form; carreau (Adam GEL, as ornament);
RE: pillow, untasseled, ofte rounded = Pfüllen;


CreNote:
Rechen = rive / rist / gitter, lodret stillet


CreNote:
egl. tårn (D37, Q158) = with horse's heads (GRU)
PL = Pierzchala / Pirzchala = Roch = Trzaska


CreNote:
stangvåben med tværstang; ofte i Pommersk adel.  ** JF: lanse.


CreNote:
rod with snake around, medical symbol = rod, aesculapius = aron = bisse entortillée autour bâton


CreNote:
1: bispestav (EN: crosier),  2: EN: palmer's staff


CreNote:
omtvundet med 2 slanger og vinget i toppen. ** handelens symbol


CreNote:
pilgrim's bourdon  [sometimes with purse hanging]
RE:
-: stick tipped with feathers, stick ragged


CreNote:
D227; .. échelle de 4 echelons posée en bande = Steigbaum


CreNote:
= stocking = hose = jambe chaussée = heuse
RE:
-: ridegamache / støvle / ldergamache = hoseau = boot


CreNote:
'fladt A' = 2 sammenbundne sække (P439).


CreNote:
= paire de tenailles = pince = tenaille de maréchal


CreNote:
skråtstillet, evt todimensional, med 6 sorte punkter (EE:58)


CreNote:
GE:262;  hamecon en forme de redorte, cloué d'or


CreNote:
= cuve = vase (FR)
-: also as crest ornament, e.g. GEL:831;


CreNote:
søjlelignende værktøj - afvikler nyspunden tråd fra spindehjulet, jf. zule.


CreNote:
SYN: gusset (Px899).  ** JF: heroldsbilledet 'vinkelhage'.


CreNote:
omdiskuteret figurform, der ligner muranker eller skakbrik 
= balusttradepille = boldstolpe (sc) = colonne/zuyl (Rt) ;
REF:  CoA 1977-78, ses i EE + GE, 'van zuylen' c.1250 , jf #497 
++ TOLKNING ++


CreNote:
EN: (F121); 'maunch-mailtail' = 'manche mal taille' (D171,W). ** VAR: mancheron = maunchmall = manchée = manch. ** JF: dextrochere = ærme m/hånd mv. ¤


CreNote:
også med lange skæfter (M497); .. hache en pal; ; Parte (DE);
PL: Topor = Oksza = Kolda clan
REF: Szymanski H 206;


CreNote:
= herse sarrazine (Boos DB 361)
EN: oftest med kæder (Q155)


CreNote:
bygning med lille spir på tagryggen, P224


CreNote:
PRIM: tvetindet.  VAR: tretindet.
PL = Grzymala;


CreNote:
bygning med tilbygget tagdækket tårn, P224


CreNote:
<d: sparredelt med murværk = 'le pignon' (#371) = 'gestufte spitze' = 'abgetreppte Spitze'.  ** VAR: 'åben trappegavl' (Q93); fristående (Q160). Q91


CreNote:
murværk er egentlig en bjælke i form af en (naturligt udseende) gennemgående kreneleret mur = fasce crénelée maconnée (NHT). Formen som heraldisk figur foretrækkes.
RE: som heraldisk figur sedsogså : skrådelt i fuget murværk med to trin' = 'tranche,maconné, pignoné de deux montans' (M475).


CreNote:
DEF: en-mastet, rebet sejl, F44
= karavel = lymphad =  galley
PL = Korab;


CreNote:
variant specificeres; f.eks: spanish man-o-war


CreNote:
'tårn med port og kreneleret i to etager' = 'tour crénelée avec porte' (NHT),
R Tour A ouverte B;


CreNote:
vidjegærde = ??, et ?? vidjegærde,  Q160


CreNote:
DEF: som 'tyger', men bredere og mere behåret, med manke + lang tunge + lange ører + halen knyttet på midten + evt ørnekløer isf forben.  
EX: badge L.de la Warr (V16)


CreNote:
DEF: altid heraldisk, gede-lignende + antilopehorn + oprejst (/EN: F210) + manke + lang hale (T). Bagwyn har lange buede horn + hestehale (V44).
RE: antilope


CreNote:
DEF: hane.h + flagermusvinge + slangekrop + pilet hale + 2 ben m/kløer .
EX: 'dragon volant' (M360).   
BEM: F+G+T har 'basilisk = 'cockatrice'; mens V97 har 'amphisian basilisk' = drage.h på halen i sin fabel.
REF: EN = F227+G82,T;  DE = P55).


CreNote:
DEF: tyre-lignende + horn, der krummer indad + hestehale + kort manke; forsvarer sig ved at udskyde brændende ekskrementer (V64)


CreNote:
PRIM: drage.h + flagm.vinge + ret pilhale + 4 ben = dragon/EN (F225,#407) = Lindwurm/DE (iflg F225); ej iflg Q152, hvor dragen har 4 ben.


CreNote:
BASIS: drage.h + flagm.vinge + 2 ben + snoet pilhale  (F226,Q152); afvigelse noteres. ** BEM: ofte sammenblanding mellem 'drage', 'basilisk' og 'lindorm'.   ** BADGE: 'red dragon of Cadwallader' = Wales.


CreNote:
DEF: lig heraldisk panther (F222,#407), uden vinger,  'spikes emerging from body'.  = keythong


CreNote:
stenbukkens himmeltegn = stenbuk-krop + fiskehale.  Q152


CreNote:
1+) havhest = søhest.  2+) havløve = løvefisk = søhane.  3+) havbuk = søbuk (=stenbuk).    ** med fiskehale


CreNote:
syv-hoved drage, 2 ben, hale, u/vinge (EN,FR);  F227


CreNote:
DEF: kamel eller giraf.   VAR: camelopardel = to bagudbøjede lange horn.        
BEM: fra c.1280 via Maltserordenen, jf Pilsen (P220).


CreNote:
DEF: kattehoved + gede-horn + ulvekrop, hvid med brune pletter (V86)


CreNote:
DEF: menneske-overkrop + hestekrop;  med bue = sagittary (V83)


CreNote:
barneansigt kranset af opadgående vingepar.  ** JF: seraf = krans af (enkelte) vinger.


CreNote:
PRIM: u/vinge, pilhale, 2 ben m/kløer (DK,%4,C147b). lindormen kan mangle vingerne (Q152) = Amphisbane.  DE: slange med to løvefødder = drage uden vinger (P257)


CreNote:
= head with snakes as curls = medusa (head of) = Medusahaupt = Gorgonenhaupt


CreNote:
monster = løve.h + fiskehale + svømme(for)fødder (Wn277)


CreNote:
DEF: hindlignende, busket hale, opspringende og besået med stjerne (estoile/mullets), #405


CreNote:
DEF: barneansigt i en krans af (enkelte) vinger.
RE:  kerub


CreNote:
DEF: kvinde-overkrop~N, sort ørne-underkrop og vinger,  kronet hoved~N.  = Harpye (DE)
VAR: sølv overkrop, sort vinge, gyldent hoved, krone og fod.  
BEM: sirene bruges også om 'melusine' (P). F229


CreNote:
hoved i begge ender og andre varianter,  R14


CreNote:
alcyon = svanelignende fugl siddende i en på bølger vuggende rede (R13)


CreNote:
DEF: hovedløs, hale, ventralt et afrevet hoved


CreNote:
DEF: tyrens krop og horn + snabel + stødtænder + flammer fra mund/øre/hove, hvid krop prikket gul (V81; Coll.Arms.MS I.2) = badge for Francis Bryan c.1580


CreNote:
DEF: ulvens hoved+forkrop+forben, ørnens vinger+bagkrop+ben+hale. 
EX: von Flans, Gft.Mark (P448). Q151


CreNote:
skællet okse, menneskehænder, snoet hale, flagermusvinger, stående * modern EN crest (Bedingfeld H 94).


CreNote:
DEF: vildkat.h + horn + behåret krop og hale + kløer på forpoterne (V78). 
EX: de Vere E.Oxford badge (De25)


CreNote:
DEF: oprejst, prikket gedebuk med kort hale, sabel(under)tænder  og vendbare horn * formentlig vandbøffel (G83). ** BEM: E.Kendale c.1440 * EN royal badge (EB20p507). G83


CreNote:
= lion leopardé
-: for crest use the lion will usually  be statant rather than passant or rampant;


CreNote:
Buk = bouc (FR); bouquetin rampant; bouc saillant;


CreNote:
stejlende hest = cheval cabré = cheval acculé;


CreNote:
-: prefer hare / lièvre for database use;


CreNote:
.  taureu passant
PL = Biala = Ciolek = Wezemborg / Wesenburg;;


CreNote:
op (rampant), ? (salient), løb. (courant), g. (passant), st (statant),


CreNote:
vesselhorn; (par) løs(e) horn.  ** med åbne øvre ender / to over vulst / belagt med bjælke / par vekselvist delt i b+h  
elefantsnabler
DE: Böffelhörner = Lohehörner (gl), offene Füllhörner.


CreNote:
hjortepande med to vier = Gestäng = Hirschgestäng = Hirschgestehm.  REF: P203


CreNote:
dobbelthovedet = flakt;
BEM: i FR anvendes 'aigle eployé' for f.ørn i kfr, M56+300.  
-:  figur kendes i orienten fra 1000 BC; i Europa fra 1100-tallet; i FR: 1185 Saarwerden; in DE: 1244 Friedrick II Emperor; 1410/1433 optaget som kejserligt emblem, afløst 1918-38 af 'ørn' som ØS statsemblem; fra c.1470 som russisk emblem.


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with peacock plume


CreNote:
-: a single feather, unspecified, but usually from a cock or heron;
-: only 4 forms used here: unspecified, cock, ostrich and peacock;


CreNote:
= unspecified feathers = pannache = fjerbusk/-ornament, G154 =  aigrette;
RE:
-: hanebusk / tuft of cock feathers, påbusk / påhale / påvifte / peacock tail / fan;


CreNote:
= herne = fencock = bittern = butor
RE: swan;


CreNote:
RDE = forfra, opstigende, udslagne vinger == ligner glente (sd)


CreNote:
merlette = martlet (uden næb og fødder, and/due-lignende),  swallow (m/ fødder, F244 + R13) 
marlion = merlin = martenett  = merle (FR)
BEM: ikke i Sydfrankrig / Marche du Sud eller Østeuropa, men hyppigt i NL og N.FR = Vermandois-Flandern-Brabant-Ile de France (Cb117)


CreNote:
PRIM:  blodfodrende. ** REF: CoA 131/1986.


CreNote:
VAR: ganapie = cormorant; 
RE: ganape = kalkunhane (Px);  cormoran = Uttenschwalbe
rødt væbnet sort svaneagtig fugl,  P406
RE: skarv = cormorant


CreNote:
PRIM: lige opadkrummet hale.  ** VAR(2): krummet - lige hale (bent)


CreEN:
fish naiant garnished with cock feathers


CreNote:
'newt' ~V = Ñ = Triton cristatus = 'ask' =  'swift' = 'asker' /ME ** salamander er det heraldisk stiliserede modstykke.


CreNote:
PRIM:  3½ bugtning opretstående;  snog (DK) = adder (EN) = snake (EN)


CreNote:
farver angives: 'une givre d'azur halissante de sinople' (R14); grøn hos Visconti/Milan; = guivre (FR) = cuivre (FR)


CreNote:
evighedssymbol (fd)m jf Vartemberg's cirkulære drage.


CreNote:
betegnelsen varierer med snoning, kugleformet med hus = 'limacon' (M349) ;
VAR: udstrakt = 'limace' (M350)


CreNote:
nedhængende, stilk opad;  = klokkeblomst


CreNote:
havelilje, forskellige former for naturtro gengivelse


CreNote:
drueklase og 2-4 vinblade; 
RE: vinranke = rameau de vigne


CreNote:
=> afgrenet træstamme. ** BEM: ecoi (her.); chicot (alm.)


CreNote:
DEF: skråstillet mod dekster med tre skrå opadrettede flige = 'branche écoté-contrécotée' (NHT). 
JF: gren.k;  burgundisk kors = '2 afhugna stammar i kors'.


CreNote:
stiliseret som syvarmet lysestage med rod; oprindeligt et vildt blommetræ, R14; .. crequier arraché;
VAR: ... crequier à feuilles de chênes


CreNote:
takkede og ægformede (= blade /EN) * heraldiske rosenblade, antallet angives. * EX: Lisle (BH:2059)


CreNote:
3-fliget og stilk, jf. kløverkors. ALMENT: 3/4/5-bladet,hullet = tiercefeuille (R14).  
DE: evt. tre triskelsatte kløvere (P227). F267
NOTE: mulig overlap med treblad i våbener


CreNote:
udartet form for søblad/hjerte = eghjortkæbe
BEM: krabbeklo = claw = bouterolle  =  'klolignende søblad' -sc;
JF: Engern


CreNote:
lindeblad, hjerteformet med stilk, jf. poppel; P256 = panelle = fleurs-de-marais


CreNote:
opr. takket bort, c.1300. 
= feuille d'ortie dite de Holstein.
BEM: Schaumburg (+ nagle*3); Holstein (+ RH-skjold); Schaumburg-Lippe (+ rose).
REF: P283


CreNote:
opr form er 'søbladet'  hjerteformet m/ dyb indskæring = numphea; opadrettet 
VAR:  (2) hjerte (nedadrettet);  (3) lindeblad (med stilk;  (4) krabbeklo = kloformet søblad;  (5) skedeblik;
REF:  Q143; Olsson, HerT 79/1999p.393-411;


CreNote:
5-fliget (kløverblad), alment tiercefeuille, see also rose
JF: mispel;  F267


CreNote:
= Margramapfel
basis 1: frugt (ofte med synlige kugler) og 2 blade på stilken = often roundely and slipped


CreNote:
krans m/ blade og bær = chaplet of leaves and berries


CreNote:
DEF: Kreuz, an dessen Balken zwei gegenübelegende schräggestellte Äste befinden (Ast = gren / knast).  ** BEM: >a< alle udadrettede;  >b< pæl-opad + bj-udad (D-fig52).


CreNote:
=> (1) stærkt bøjet og gennembrudt variant = møllejernskors


CreNote:
= udfyldende indadbuet gr./her.k. ** indadbuet kors (pbg, Q163), mellemrummene kaldes 'mandler' (P263)


CreNote:
>69b<  ** DEF: kombi af afkortet pæl og (hævet) bjælke


CreNote:
= svungen form, øverste arm lodret og dexter


CreNote:
1) gr.k ender i svævende liljer = G44, F129


CreFR:
croix vuidée, clechée, pommetée & allaisée

CreNote:
nøglekors = tolosanerkors = 'á la croix vuidée, clechée, pommetée & allaisée'
probably insignia of the comtes de Provence;
REF: Galbreath LH 38 ref 72;


CreNote:
k: karf = eskarbunkel = karfunkel = liljehaspel = liljehjul = Lilienzepterstern = Lilienhaspel = Glevenrad
DEF: 8 liljesceptre radialt , ofte pålagt skjold; .. escarboucle pommetée fleurdelisée;
BEM: kendes fra 936 - førheraldisk tid.


CreNote:
VAR:  1: k4.ks = k.ks = korset kors (græsk),   2: k.spids = c.c.fitchee = korset spidskors (latinsk),  3: kløverbladsspidskors = c.c.botonee fitchee


CreNote:
1: = ks = alm heraldisk kors = udfyldende latinsk kors (alene);
2: saltire = andreaskors;   
3: kks. = korset kors.  
BEM:  > 400 varianter kendes (F127,Q163); i Mid sjælden øst for Rhinen (Cb108);
 navarra/kædenæt => knuder.
-:  buede arme = Tatzenkreuz (Q163), jf mantuakors.


CreNote:
1) ornamenteret = iberisk ordensridderkors 1156 = Calatrava- 1158 = G44


CreNote:
= ; c.anilée  = fer-de-molin; et bøjede ender.  overlap mlm betegnelser; 
1: let bøjet, bredt (G44,K86/1320) = c.moline = c.ancré. 
2: stærkt bøjet og opsnoet => c.recerce.  
3: stærkt bøjet og gennembrudt => møllejernskors, ; c.anilée
-:  .. croix furchetée et recercelée
BEM: i Mid hyppig i Lux (Cb)


CreNote:
fra IT: 'cruce di popoli' = rundt rødt felt belagt med et hvidt kors; anlagt i 1400-tallet af folkepartiets tilhængere


CreNote:
= asymmetrisk grenet heraldisk (alm form)


CreNote:
passionskors på trappefod, antal trin (= stices) angives; .. croix de passion avec cinq 'fasciulette'
DE: Calvarienkreuz !.


CreNote:
kors belagt med svævende kors = kors med bort


CreNote:
M188; Apfelkreuz = Pilgerstabskreuz = Kugelkreuz = fire kugler, der berører hinanden (P241) * Kugelstechkreuz.


CreNote:
= mauritiuskors = gr.k med trekløver-ender.  
Ordenstegn for den 1816 stiftede Hellige Mauritius & Lazarusorden


CreNote:
1) udfyldende krykkek. = her.k. med 4 blok-ender;   2)  svævende krykkek. = gr.kors med 4 blok-ender.


CreNote:
malteserkorslign; let bøjet.  ** EX: F44;


CreNote:
= johanitterkors = malteser-II = stærkt skåret og kilet


CreNote:
= udfyldende indadbuet gr./her.k. med parallelle arme, der udvider sig mod kanten, 'Pranken' egl løvefødder.


CreNote:
= mantuakors med spids fod = 'cross pattee fitched on one foot' (F131n182)


CreNote:
= egyptisk hankekors = Nilschlüssel = Lebenschlüssel (P251).


CreNote:
gr.k. med 4 korte spidser = c.tiguisee  (M643)  = c.aiguisé (R8).


CreNote:
patriarkalkors = 2 parallelarme - variabel/stigende længde.  ** JF: Lothringerkreuz = dobbeltkors;
PL = Jagiello;


CreNote:
3 vinkelrette parallelarme, variabel/stigende længde, JF: patriakkors (19, toarmet)


CreNote:
dobbeltslangekors = kilet gr.k. med 2 slangehoved-ender = (slagehoved)ankerkors; M182 er en variant.  ** BEM: i Limbourg (Cb)


CreNote:
>69a<  DEF: skjoldhoved og pæl (altid retliniet).  ** SYN: hovedpæl = antoniuskors = taukors = T-kors = St.Anthony = Plattkreuz = Antoniuskreuz.


CreNote:
udfyldende gr.k med 4 4-lags-trappe-ender


CreNote:
= burgunderkors = asymmetrisk grenet andreaskors = 'krydsede afgrenede træstammer' = 'två avhugna stammar i kors' (NHT)


CreNote:
.. deux bras d'argent vêtus d'or. les mains tenant un anneau garni d'une pierre d'azur


CreNote:
hvidt, tre knipper kristorn (á 3 blade) snøret rød


CreNote:
rødt, en brun (!) blomst knappet hvid, en rose ? (-sc, 09.2000)
PL: Slonce;


CreNote:
-: usually with horn and mane Or = tête de licorne accorné et harnachée Or =  tête et col de licorne, muflée et accornée d'or, lampassée de gueules


CreNote:
rødt, en gul eskarbunkel pålagt et hvidt skjold;  REF:  D188


CreNote:
.. gonfanon; or, gonfanon de gueules, frangé de sinople


CreNote:
= søhane med løvehoved
REF:  Neubecker H fig.214 no.43-46;


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested semy of elm leaves


CreNote:
blåt, et gult mastestag med hvidt topsejl og standard


CreNote:
Argent three Birdbolts Gules tipped Sable


CreNote:
rødt, en hvid svane halsklædt med gul krone


CreNote:
\ZUR:13mh =  fleur-de-lis as crest on a background of a semi-circular peacock fan


CreNote:
= maunch with hand = 'beloved's right arm'  (V127) = dextrochère et fanon


CreNote:
=  tête et col d'âne = 'æselhoved' = 'recontre d'asne' = ass' head = tête de poulain (colt, pae)
-: double tints indicate head + ear colours;
PL = Polkozic = Polukoza = Zebro
REF: Szymanski H 227;


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreNote:
see figures; incl. griffin's head (i.e. with ears) = tête et col d'aigle


CreNote:
figur bestående af 'en port på trin/sokkel flankeret af to døre' = "altertavle"


CreNote:
et lodret stillet kædestykke, 2 + 2 halve


CreNote:
arms in saltire, naked with armrings, closed fists


CreNote:
to korslagte sceptre, der ender i liljehoveder = sceptres en sautoir


CreNote:
= ørneklo, der ender i en vinge = eagle's claw winged = Klauenflügel = ?Adlerfuss


CreNote:
= wings erect = vols-bannerets (a.m.Gelre) = vol a l'antique = Federbuschartiger Flug;
NOTE: usually included in '2 wings', when wings erect are the major artistic form;


CreNote:
sølv, en sort ørn med guld stjerne i stedet for hoved


CreEN:
bull's attire tipped with stirrup and tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
guld, et rødt troldehoved mellem to røde ulvesakse


CreNote:
nornal way for a crest; flukes upwards, eye down;


CreNote:
nedadvendt hale (Neubecker H fig.214 no.11)


CreNote:
??, tre ?? [sværd / spydspidser] med od samlet i midten


CreNote:
blåt, et rødt egern holdende på skulderen en kløftet guld stok


CreNote:
guld, to sammenslyngede grønne egekviste


CreNote:
rødt, en guld kronet og halskronet sølv gås på grøn bakke


CreNote:
blåt, en sølv stikhjelm med to fjerbesatte sølv vesselhorn = 'viking helmet' = great / pot helmet with bull's horns;


CreNote:
sølv, et af en pil gennemskudt blåt elsdyrlår


CreNote:
??, tre ?? nøgler, samlet i skjoldets midte


CreNote:
= 3 huntings horns in pairles = 3 huchets enguichés en pairle
PL: Traby = Brzezina clan


CreNote:
rødt, en guld søjle med guld lilje omslynget af en sølv (guld kronet) slange


CreNote:
sølv, en naturligt farvet brændende fyrlampe


CreNote:
rødt, en vingeløs guld lindorm med guld partisan


CreNote:
to-delt fork; også fouine (FR; trefork);


CreEN:
fan ch. arms garnished with cock feathers

CreNote:
-: the whole surface of fan charged with the arms of the bearer, the fan bordered with (heron's) feathers


CreNote:
= two Lions combatant
REF:  CA 185/1999p.20-27;


CreNote:
= opretstående, spids hue med nedkilet opslag og opstående kvast =  pointed cap or bonnet with upturned  rim and tipped with a ball tuft = chapeau conique = bonnet pointu rebrassé  = antique bonnet =  Heidenhut = albanische = ungarische Mütze (evt. ombøjet) = Tartarmütze = Turnierhut = Stolphut = Spitzhut;
-: Judenhut =  pointed bonnet with upturned, often sliced, rim, tipped with a tuft and having the tip bended -- unlike the tartar bonnet;
= Schebbes
RE:
-: phrygian bonnet;
REF:
-: Oswald LH 400;


CreNote:
stativ formet som et uppercase-A med tværligger (BEL:1685, Bayeler)


CreNote:
vægtbjælke; jf. fangeåg / vinstok (!) / cep de prisonnier (variant) = cep


CreNote:
a morian holding a banner; Balthasar the Magi


CreNote:
HVR = curved bend vert  + 3 flames gules


CreNote:
violin = lire = gige (DK)  = vielle (FR) = fiddle
RE: battoir = banketræ (ran, de Raadt) = Schlägel;


CreNote:
opretstående bjørn med kæde og halskrave


CreEN:
2 wheel-block segments with spokes addorsed


CreNote:
-: incl. ears and scalp hairs = tyrepande = crâne de boeuf = massacre de boeuf = bull's attire = bull's scalp
RE: pitchfork iron; 2 bull's horns;
RE: tvefork.h = 2 bull's horns;


CreNote:
tværstillet afhugget gren hvorfra tre opskydende roser


CreNote:
plejl = korslagte [gule] plejlskafter med nedhængende og liggende  [sorte] stænger = flails and beater = deux fléaux en sautoir avec bielles;
TIDL:  kølle.k + bidsel = korslagte køller over et par hesteklemmer (EE:131) = korslagte stænger forbundet med halv hestesko (SIE:87n6Q1, Potinger);


CreNote:
spidskors med 2 tværstillede kroner (Bf. Wilno);


CreNote:
f-: bust of virgin with mitre on her head


CreNote:
\BHM:3257 = O moor pass. ceint H tenant S main dextre une branche de rosier


CreEN:
triangle voided and inv, a fleur-de-lis at each co

CreFR:
triangle vidé et renversé feuillé aux angles


CreNote:
ansigt eller mandslignende figur, jvf Achen DA 244;


CreNote:
-: mitre, in ZUR viewed from the side, e.g. ZUR:499-142-33 (Runge.num.) with only half the arms visible;


CreFR:
chaperon pointu entre 2 poissons renversés

CreNote:
= bonnet / chaperon pointu entre 2 poissons renversés
-: GEL:4 = 26v4;


CreNote:
fan bordered with pearls, usually some 13, the whole fan charged with the arms of the bearer


CreNote:
semicircular fan with unspecified decorations, with or without a featherborder;
e.g. semy or filled with elm leaves


CreEN:
fan triangular ch. arms garnished with pearls


CreEN:
fan triangular ch. arms garnished with peacock eyes


CreNote:
fan-type crest, formed like a basket of peacockfeathers, e.g. where the feathers grow out of a palisade (besteckt)  and with or without being charged (belegt) with arms or shield of arms


CreFR:
écran octogonal aux armes entre 2 demi-vols


CreNote:
= fleur-de-lis royale  = fleur-de-lis carré (Pas HS 242)  = fleur de lis double d'or = crest as used by the capetian royal family and its cadets: 4 petals on a cross board around a center piece;


CreNote:
= of heron feathers;
-: always thin, black, wavy feathers;


CreNote:
= buste d'abbé, mitre surmonté de boules


CreEN:
swan's head with 2 angle bars cr. garnished with peacock tails

CreFR:
tête de cygne aux équerres cr. garnis de queues de paon

CreNote:
\DWF:124 = swan's head betw 2 angle bars croenwd, each tipped with peacock tails = 'équerres'


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with crown and peacock tail

CreFR:
bonnet pointu sommé de couronne et queue de paon

CreNote:
\DWF:128 Sachsen, pointed cap ch. arms, upturn Er, tipped with crown and peacock tail.
-: tints = X GO = red pointed cap with yellow upturns;


CreFR:
nasse surmonté de couronne et queue de paon


CreEN:
harpoon iron tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers

CreFR:
bonnet pointu aux armes surmonté de plume de coq


CreNote:
= bust of woman, bull's horns emanating from her shoulders


CreEN:
man's head with donkey's ears (Midas' head)

CreNote:
= man's head with donkey ears, long hair and beard = Midas' head = tête de Midas
REF:  Friar NDH 293;


CreNote:
circular = antler enrolled = perche de cerf enroulée en anneau


CreEN:
roundel ch. arms garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
millstone garnished with cock feathers and tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman crested with wing extended


CreEN:
lion isst crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
crest garnished with peacock eyes = lion isst ..


CreEN:
wing as crest on back of animal = lion's head ..


CreEN:
eagle's head garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
swan's head tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
swan's head garnished with cock feathers


CreNote:
-:both lions and leopards, e.g.:  un lion assis d'or, tacheté de sable; léopard sejt;


CreEN:
ostrich feather garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms betw bull's horns compony


CreEN:
2 bull's horns with shield of arms hanging


CreEN:
pitcher betw bull's horns ch. arms tipped with banners

CreFR:
aiguière entre cornes aux armes surmontés de bannières


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. tipped with tuft of cock feathers

CreFR:
lion assis cr. surmonté de plumail de coq


CreNote:
= bust of man with pointed cap, incl. hats with feathers;


CreNote:
\GRU = 3 crowns on rod with 2 hanging; BHM = 6 crowns, rod in bend


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
crescent garnished with ostrich feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per pale tipped with tufts of cock feathers tied with crown


CreEN:
bugle horn stringed filled with ostrich plume cch

CreFR:
huchet enguiché surmonté de plumail de autruche l'u-a

CreNote:
= l'embouchure surmontée de plumes d'autruche d'azur, d'argent, et de gueules
-: plume in mouthpiece


CreEN:
talbot cr. sejt tipped with ostrich plume

CreFR:
chien cr. sejt surmonté de plumail de autruche


CreNote:
-: often a mooress cr.;
NOTE: often difficult to differentiate between busts of king and of queen from drawings of crests;


CreFR:
buste de reine dans 2 poissons renversés

CreNote:
= bust of queen with arms replaced by fish inv.


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with crown and ostrich plume


CreEN:
plume of feathers decorated with pine cones


CreEN:
ostrich's head cr. biting horseshoe betw 2 ostrich plumes


CreNote:
-: square pieces of cloth, possibly with a narrow streamer;
RE: pennons = vimpel = narrow strips of cloth;


CreEN:
2 bull's horns spotted garnished with grenades


CreNote:
-: usually a jew's hat with brim, of graded broad cone-shape with narrow tip and often a ball, and cordoned;


CreEN:
lion stat cr. betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
horse in front of cone tipped with peacock plume  all betw 2 sickles garnished with peacock eyes


CreNote:
incl. greyhound's head (e.g. GRU:47v1);
RE: talbot's head betw feather plumes


CreEN:
fan circular ch. arms garnished with peacock feathers

CreFR:
écran circulaire aux armes bordé de plumes de paon


CreEN:
fleur-de-lis royal with serpent engulfing child intwined


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms couchant garnished with peacock feathers


CreEN:
bull's head with 2 angle bars cr. garnished with peacock tails


CreEN:
rose in front of 3 feather baskets ch. arms per cross


CreNote:
-: e.g.: eagle rising holding rear pt of lion passt (GRU:nn)


CreEN:
2 bull's horns cch tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
sun's face betw 2 bull's horns tied by a crown


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms garnished with peacock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed garnished with 2 staves flory


CreEN:
lion's head cr. tipped with a fleur-de-lis


CreEN:
cap pointed checky tied with linen tipped with ostrich plume cch


CreEN:
elephant's head tipped with fleur-de-lis


CreEN:
fleur-de-lis :dim: tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with tuft of cock feathers and 3 crosses at brim


CreEN:
bugle horn with peacock plume through the strings


CreNote:
= cône recourbé vers l'avant la pointe supérieure fleuronnée


CreEN:
bust of man holding fleur-de-lis and sword

CreFR:
buste de homme tenant fleur-de-lis et épée


CreNote:
\ERF = cubit arm wooden bludgeon / mace;


CreEN:
castle tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
buckle garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
mirror tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
= eagle rising
RE: eagle's head betw wings


CreEN:
fan ch. arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
NOTE: often difficult to differentiate between busts of king and of queen from drawings of crests;


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of man hatted holding chaplet of roses


CreNote:
NOTE:  all long-beaked birds: heron + stork + crane;


CreNote:
-: if hard to distiguish, any long-beaked bird is a heron in English and grue in French, exept when holding stone (always a crane) or likely to be a stork al. cicogne;


CreNote:
\ERF:71 = possibly holding a skull with its backside outwards;


CreEN:
cone betw bull's horns garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested tipped with peacock plumes


CreEN:
lion's head cr. tipped with peacock plume

CreFR:
tête de lion cr. surmontée de plumail de paon


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw fish reversed


CreEN:
eagle's head betw wings (all cch per pale)

CreFR:
tête d'aigle dans vol (le tout parti l'u-a)


CreEN:
cap pointed  inv. filled with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fan circular ch. arms garnished with feathers

CreFR:
écran circulaire aux armes bordé de plumes


CreEN:
bust of man crested garnished with elm leaves


CreEN:
2 bull's horns compony garnished with feathers


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
star garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone checky tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
horse's head tipped with ostrich feather


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms betw antlers qtly cch


CreNote:
-: alternative to moor's head, but without negroid features;


CreEN:
talbot's head tipped with ostrich feather


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per pale cch garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
fish naiant in front of cone tipped with ostrich plume


CreEN:
chessrook tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap of maintenance tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
fan ch. saltire and garnished with peacock eye


CreEN:
eagle's head cr. tipped with 2 banners ch. arms all betw wings


CreEN:
bust of woman betw antlers garnished with roses


CreEN:
eagle's head garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
vase with peacock plume decorated with roses


CreEN:
rose betw bull's horns garnished with elm branches


CreEN:
bust of man with donkey's ears (Midas' bust)

CreNote:
often a morian, otherwise bust of Midas = buste de modas = Midasrumpf


CreNote:
NOTE:
-: if the ears are not visible, the animal might be a talbot sejt, e.g. in GRU;


CreNote:
= lion assis entre 2 cornes sciées (BHM:35)


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 fleurs-de-lis


CreEN:
2 bull's horns compony tied with a crown


CreEN:
lion sejt betw bull's horns each ch. fess


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with tufts of cock feathers all cch


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with cock feathers all cch


CreEN:
crescent ch. arms tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bugle horns bendy tipped with peacock tails


CreEN:
swan's head ch. arms garnished with feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman betw 2 bull's horns each ch. fess


CreEN:
cone tipped with peacock tail betw ibex' horns


CreEN:
cone decorated with escutcheons of arms and tipped with a plume of elm leaves


CreEN:
bust of woman per pale betw bull's horns all cch


CreEN:
proboscide garnished with tufts of cock feathers

CreNote:
\GRU:860 = un proboscide d'or, orné de cinq touffes de plumes de coq de sable


CreEN:
2 bull's horns ch. arms garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
cap with feathers tipped with peacock eyes

CreNote:
\GRU = narrow bonnet or ribbon with red indian type of war bonnet


CreEN:
eagle's head with angle bars cr. garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
\GRU:894 = une tête et col de lapin/dogue coupé d'argent et de sable, muflé d'or [long ears, tongue]


CreEN:
2 bull's horns tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
\GRU = une cruche de gueules, d'où sortent cinq tulipes d'argent = Topf = Hafen mit Henkel und snauzchen,


CreEN:
bugle horn across cone tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 donkey's ears garnished with ostrich feathers cch


CreEN:
2 bull's horns cch garnished with pennons


CreNote:
-: banners possibly ch. arms (as '=' in Tints);


CreEN:
cap of maintenance tipped with crown and  peacock plume


CreEN:
2 wings garnished with roses and tied with linen bendlet


CreEN:
cone tipped with peacock tail betw 2 ladders


CreEN:
figure of arms betw plumes of oak leaves


CreEN:
horn across 2 roundels in pale tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with tuft of cock feathers tied with a ribbon


CreEN:
cap rounded tipped with tuft of cock feathers

CreNote:
INCL: cap rounded tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers (GRU:194v1);


CreEN:
roundel ch. arms tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
figure of arms tipped with ostrich plume

CreNote:
INCL: individual number (3-6) ostrich feathers;


CreEN:
lion sejt betw staves tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 pales ragged each tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fan ch. arms garnished with ostrich feathers


CreEN:
figure of arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
annulet per pale tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone garnished with annulets and tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with crown and plume of ostrich feathers


CreEN:
cap rounded ch. arms and tipped with 2 crosslets


CreEN:
swan's head garnished with roundels each with a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with roundel and ostrich plume


CreEN:
lion isst cr. with crest and peacock eyes

CreFR:
lion isst cr. le dos crêté d'yeux de paon


CreEN:
bust of queen holding star with both hands


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested ch. arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap of maintenance tipped with plume of feathers


CreEN:
staff flory betw bull's horns garnished with reed maces


CreEN:
cone ch. arms garnished with grillets and tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with oak leaves cch


CreEN:
mitre ch. arms tipped with 2 peacock plumes


CreEN:
eagle's head tipped with rod and peacock tail


CreEN:
2 bells each with peacock plumes as clapper


CreEN:
cone reversed ch. arms and filled with ostrich feathers cch


CreEN:
star isst garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
bugle horn reversed garnished with roses

CreNote:
\GRU:1832 = formed like a proboscide tied with a curled ribbon


CreEN:
swan's head garnished with thisle flowers


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with plume of feathers


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms betw bull's horns tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
wolf-hook with ring tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with ostrich plume


CreEN:
annulet tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cauldron  ch. arms containing ostrich plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns ch. arms garnished with peacock fan


CreNote:
RE: lion sejt cr. betw feather plumes per fess


CreEN:
lion's head cr. tipped with octagonal fan ch. arms


CreEN:
cup covered tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
mitre garnished with roundels ch. tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap of maintenance ch. arms tippe with peacock plume


CreEN:
bird's head crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
rod tipped with peacock plumes betw hoses


CreEN:
bust of queen betw 2 fish inverted all per fess


CreNote:
-: incl. round, pointed and cap of maintenance; the arms or figure of arms are commonly on the upturn only;


CreEN:
bugle horn compony tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
swan's head tipped with 3 peacock feathers


CreEN:
bust of queen ch. arms betw bull's horns


CreEN:
swan's head crested and garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 wings ch. bendlet garnished with elm leaves


CreEN:
swan's head betw 2 rods tipped with peacock plumes


CreEN:
cap of maintenance tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
acorn tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
rose tipped with rod and tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
-: griffin's or dragon's head, dragon's or bat's wings;


CreEN:
lion's head tipped with plume of ostrich feathers


CreEN:
arrowhead garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 lozenges


CreEN:
cap pointed betw 2 rods tipped with plumes


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with trefoils cch


CreEN:
cap rounded ch. arms tipped with 3 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
crescent on each tip a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns checky garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
bust of king with cone tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with crown and peacock plume betw 2 ibex' horns


CreEN:
wolf-hook tipped with peacock plumes on each tip


CreEN:
bust of angel betw bull's horn each ch. fess


CreEN:
2 caps pointed inv. each with 3 rods of 3 knobs


CreEN:
bust of man holding 2 hunting horns unstringed all per pale cch


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms betw bull's horns garnished with roundels


CreEN:
eagle's head crested with roundels and tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
bugle horn in fess with roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 wings per fess and garnished with roses


CreEN:
basket ch. arms holding a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
garden door tipped with tuft of cock feathers

CreNote:
= 2 pointed boards of wooden planks like double garden doors on a post tipped with plume


CreEN:
sieve cut in half tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers

CreNote:
-: sieve cut in half, lower part tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns tipped with feather plumes


CreEN:
2 wings ch. arms betw sunface and moonface


CreEN:
peacock plume betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
bust of king ch. arms betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreNote:
-: escutcheon usually between tips of wings


CreEN:
cap rounded ch. arms tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
rod garnished with peacock eyes and tipped with a peacock plume


CreEN:
2 rods in saltire each tipped with a peacock plume


CreEN:
mitre ch. arms and tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
bull's horn garnished with peacock plumes


CreEN:
lion's head crested and edged with peacock eyes


CreEN:
rose betw 2 fish-hooks garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 demi-stars garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
swan's head crested compony garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
cushion garnished with tufts of cock feathers

CreNote:
-: tassels replaced by tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 fish reversed garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
rod garnished with tufts of cock feathers

CreNote:
\MAN = in 2 'chaplets' around the rod and on tip; others 3 tufts


CreEN:
viol garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
phrygian bonnet ch. arms and garnished with peacock eyes


CreNote:
= cobbler = bootmaker
\DWF = bended  and holding boot and pincers


CreEN:
cone tipped with crown and feather plume


CreEN:
2 coulters garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
talbot sejt betw bull's horns each ch. fess


CreEN:
man's head with hat tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bird cr. in front of tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fan octogonal ch. arms garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
cone barry tipped with roundel betw bull's horns


CreEN:
boar's head crested garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with fishtails cch


CreNote:
\GRU = claws on helmet, feathers sprouting from leg;


CreEN:
cap rounded tipped with roundel and ostrich plume


CreEN:
cone rounded tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
drum tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with ostrich feathers


CreEN:
crescent on each tip a crown and ostrich plume


CreEN:
basket ch. arms holding a plume of ostrich feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with crown and plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns each tipped with a roundel


CreEN:
birdcage tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
monkey holding mirror betw wings ch. arms


CreEN:
2 rods tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
-: the arms or figure of arms are commonly only on the upturn;
-: incl. figures with long curved neck;


CreEN:
2 bull's horns ch. arms each tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cushion checky garnished with peacock plumes


CreEN:
wheel segment garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
cap pointed  inv. filled with plume of ostrich feathers


CreEN:
bust of king tipped with mixed plume all per pale


CreEN:
swan's head per fess garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 bull's horns each tipped with a ball of wool


CreEN:
bust of woman betw bull's horns all per bend


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess garnished with oak leaves


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess each garnished with a fleur-de-lis


CreEN:
bust of woman her head on fan garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
bust of queen per pale tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
bust of man with cap garnished with an antler


CreEN:
plume of ostrich feathers tied with a ribbon


CreEN:
wheel segment tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 millstones garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested and garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with roundel betw 2 fish reversed


CreEN:
bugle horn stringed in front of cone tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman betw bull's horns garnished with poppy heads


CreEN:
ram betw 2 rods tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
-: egg-formed with cut-out that leaves a high peak in front and a low in rear


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with feather plume all qtly


CreEN:
talbot per pale with annulets in each ear lobe


CreEN:
ibex' horn curled garnished with feathers


CreEN:
3 rods tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
horseshoe tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of man per pale tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
crescent per pale with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
plume of feathers decorated with trefoils slipped


CreEN:
figure of arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers betw wings


CreEN:
wolf-hook tipped with 2 ostrich feathers


CreEN:
wolf-hook tipped with 3 peacock feathers


CreEN:
wolf-hook tipped with 2 tufts ofcock feathers


CreEN:
cone rounded tipped with plume of ostrich feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with figures of arms


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with flowers slipped


CreEN:
bust of woman betw bull's horns all ch. arms


CreEN:
ibex' horn inv. holding plume of feathers


CreEN:
fish naiat in front of cap pointed tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
mill wheel isst tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fleur-de-lis tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms betw bull's horns garnished with roundels


CreEN:
cone tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 crescents addorsed


CreEN:
falcon's head hooded crested with horse mane


CreEN:
cone tipped by fan ch. arms garnished by peacock plumes


CreEN:
fish naiant in front of rod tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
horn inv. crested and garnished with feathers


CreEN:
swan's neck ending in escutcheon of arms


CreEN:
figure of arms crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
rod tipped with crown and peacock plume betw 2 bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
hat ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns compony


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess betw 2 oval fans ch. arms


CreEN:
fish across rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fish across rod tipped with ostrich plume


CreFR:
tête d'homme avec oreilles d'âne ch. armes


CreEN:
compass tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bull's horn crested and garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 sword inv per saltire betw 2 bull's horns

CreFR:
2 épées renversés en sautoir entre 2 proboscoides


CreEN:
bust of woman betw 2 bull's horns per fess


CreEN:
elm leaf tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman betw 2 bull's horns each ch. 2 bars checky


CreEN:
2 bull's horns each ch. fess and at the tip an owl


CreEN:
cap rounded garnished with 5 rods each tipped with a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with roundel betw bull's horns tierced


CreEN:
2 arrowheads tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
boar's head tipped with 2 ostrich feathers


CreEN:
figure of arms betw bull's horns garnished with feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with banners all checky


CreEN:
cone compony tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns


CreEN:
bull's horn garnished with lozenges each with a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bull's horn tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed per pale garnished with roses cch tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess held together by an annulet


CreEN:
cone tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns


CreEN:
dragon's head garnished with roundels tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of man with cap garnished with ram's horns


CreEN:
pitchfork iron tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
water cooler tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
sieve demi tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
eagle's head holding stem in beak each end tipped with a fan

CreNote:
\SGH, Trenbach 0 griffin's or dragon's head, fans or stiff feather plumes;


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns


CreEN:
2 bull's horns tipped with feather plumes cch


CreEN:
talbot sejt betw wings ch. figure of arms


CreEN:
monkey holding mirror betw wings per bend


CreEN:
roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 sickles


CreEN:
swan's head crested and ganished with feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns ch. arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
swan's head betw wings decorated with elm leaves


CreNote:
bound with tape knotted on back of head = wolf's head biting tape


CreEN:
2 staves flory in saltire betw bull's horns


CreEN:
2 wings semy of elm leaves and ch. wingbones


CreEN:
eagle isst cr. tipped with 2 banners ch. arms


CreEN:
bust of queen with cone tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
dragon wings erect and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
falcon cr. rising tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
2 crescents checky besides 2 peacock plumes


CreEN:
2 lobster claws garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
fish across rod tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
rod tipped with peacock plume betw 2 ibex' horns


CreEN:
cone tipped with crown and peacock plume betw banners ch. arms


CreEN:
wicket fence around tree betw bull's horns crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 bugle horns garnished with elm branches


CreEN:
cone tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
bust of woman betw antlers garnished with apples


CreEN:
bust of queen tipped with peacock plume holding 2 fish inv.


CreEN:
fan octogonal ch. figure of arms garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
bottle round tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cross-pole with 2 roundels per pale on the tips


CreEN:
roundel ch. fess tipped with ostrich plume


CreEN:
arrowhead tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms wearing torse tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
bust of man with heron's beak dressed paly and hatted


CreEN:
talbot's head betw 2 bugle horns all per fess


CreEN:
bust of woman ch. arms betw bull's horns


CreEN:
swan's head per fess garnished with roundels and peacock eyes


CreEN:
lion's head biting tape with rings at ends


CreEN:
lion's head cr. tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
lion's head crested with roundels and tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
mallet tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 fish naiat in front of cap pointed tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
eagle's head cr. tipped with ostrich plume


CreEN:
crampon tipped by 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
wheel segment garnished with roundels and tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
wheel-block with spokes garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
eagles isst betw 2 eagle's heads holding gem-ring


CreNote:
= palis aux armes (BHM:179) = palisade with staves ch. arms
\GRU = split into 6 staves;


CreEN:
cone tipped with crown and peacock plume betw 2 axes


CreEN:
2 swivels garnished with tufts of cock feathers

CreNote:
\GRU = 2 square swivels each tipped with two plumes;


CreEN:
cap pointed decorated with elm leaves and tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
5 rods each tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
\GRU = like a mooress cr. with bird's beak and wings replacing arms;


CreEN:
peacock's head betw dragon's wings ch. arms


CreEN:
cushion betw bull's horns garnished with elm leaves and ch. with arms


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw bull's horns garnished with elm branches


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw wings ch. arms garnished with elm leaves


CreEN:
hat ch. roundel and tipped with 3 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
fan semy of elm leaves garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
man's head with bull's horns and garland of elm leaves


CreEN:
bugle horn in fess tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
2 angle bars with banners ch. arms tipped with peacock plumes and 2 small shields ch. arms in betw


CreEN:
mitre tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed per fess ch. escutcheon of arms and tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
swan's head betw 2 rods tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
swan's head betw 2 angle bars tipped with peacock plumes


CreEN:
bathtub tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
bugle horn stringed in front of rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
ibex' horn garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms tipped with crescent


CreNote:
-: probably a rod tipped with feathers above a piece of board edged with frills  -- ZUR;


CreEN:
rod tipped wtih roundel betw ibex' horns


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms with capuchon tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 horseshoes garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
2 glaive blades garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
unicorn isst garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
human head per pale and ibex' horn garnished with stars


CreEN:
2 bugle horns erect each tipped with a peacock plume


CreEN:
cone ch. lozengy tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
cap pointed per fess tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fishing hook garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
panther isst garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
panther isst crested and garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cock's head garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms with mitre ch. arms


CreEN:
pincers inv tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
= ibex' horn curled forward
RE:  cap pointed curled


CreEN:
elm leaf slipped crosier-formed garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns holding star garnished with 2 birds close


CreEN:
bull's horns with handle tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 fishing hooks garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed garnished with peacock plumes


CreEN:
star isst garnished with peacock eyes and garland of escutcheons ch. arms


CreEN:
unicorn isst crested garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with wolf-hooks feathered


CreEN:
fan triangular ch. arms garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
wheel garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
horn garnished with 3 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
figure of arms garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
eagle's head tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bugle horns garnished with roses all cch


CreEN:
chevron tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fan triangular ch. arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 angle braces garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
wing extended garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
rose garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
fan triangular ch. arms garnished with plain feathers


CreEN:
owl isst tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
ibex' horn garnished with plumes of feathers


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
mitre ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns barry each tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed barry tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
3 caps pointed each tipped with a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
figure of arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
fish naiant garnished with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
swan's head garnished with plain feathers


CreEN:
ladder tipped with 2 tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
lion's head garnished with plain feathers


CreEN:
bear's head garnished with plain feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with roundels with an escutcheon of arms hanging


CreEN:
bust of queen with roses on her shoulders


CreEN:
fan ch. arms garnished with peacock eyes betw banners ch. arms


CreEN:
wing extended decorated with elm leaves and ch. roundel of arms


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
horse in front of rod crowned tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
horse in front of rod tipped with crown peacock plume all betw 2 sickles garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess garnished with banners


CreEN:
2 banners ch. arms betw 2 peacock plumes


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw wings ch. arms garnished with feathers


CreEN:
bust of man with cap ch. arms tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns ch. arms each tipped with ostrich plume


CreEN:
bust of man betw bull's horns per fess cch


CreEN:
eagle's head crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
rod tipped with peacock plume betw boots


CreEN:
figure of arms tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
2 horns inv. tipped with a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bull's horn ch. arms tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
cone reversed ch. arms and filled with peacock plume


CreEN:
bust of woman tipped with fan garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
swan's head  crested garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
bust of man with cap tipped with tudt of cock feathers


CreEN:
pincers tipped with 2 crowns and ostrich plumes


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with crescent inv. garnished with feathers


CreEN:
lion isst crested and garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
man's head with hat tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
wolf-hook inv. garnished with elm leaves and tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with oak leaves


CreEN:
cone per pale tipped with peacock plume having 2 mirrors cch on the sides


CreEN:
swan's head betw wings ch. figure of arms


CreEN:
rod tipped with feather plume betw bull's horns tippede with feather plumes

CreNote:
deux cornes et batonnet terminé par des houppes


CreEN:
mitra tipped with 2 roundels each tipped with a feather


CreEN:
fleur-de-lis royal garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns


CreEN:
2 wings each ch. pale semy of elm leaves


CreEN:
vase ch. arms filled with plume of cock feathers


CreEN:
roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw wings


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 millstones


CreNote:
emanating from a torse on the morian's head


CreEN:
rose betw bull's horns each tipped with a rose


CreEN:
mitre tipped with roundel and bird rising holding scroll


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with banners ch. arms


CreEN:
chevron tipped with rod ending in peacock tail betw bull's horns


CreEN:
tuft of cock feathers tipped with a feather


CreEN:
dragon isst crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
lion isst cr. tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms holding banner of arms


CreNote:
if clearly not violins -- GEL:858; or fireirons / firepans


CreEN:
wing extended ch. pale retracted ch. arms


CreEN:
plume of feathers garnished with cock feathers


CreEN:
2 shepsherd's staves each with a roundel suspended


CreEN:
vase filled with tuft of cock feathers with the rim ch. roundel


CreEN:
talon holding roundel tipped with feather plume


CreNote:
= cuisard + poleyn + cuisse
-. -: with knee-caps, tinted per pale -- GEL:85r3/1069;


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with roundels each horn ch. fess


CreEN:
man's head with donkey's ears and bull's horns


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with roundels each horn barry


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms and balled and tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with ball and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
ibex' horn curled tipped with dragon's head


CreEN:
cone tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman ch. arms betw wings ch. arms


CreEN:
horn inv. crested and garnished with roundels ch. arms


CreEN:
mitre holding 2 rods tipped with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
gamb holding roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
= 2 coutres (BHM:315) = 2 coulters = 2 lames de couteaux (BHM:334)


CreEN:
2 rods tipped with ostrich plumes garnished with elm leaves


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested with peacock eyes each horn ch. fess


CreEN:
rod tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
crescent on each tip a tuft of cock feathers and a rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with ball and peacock plume


CreEN:
fan octogonal ch. arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers all  betw 2 wings


CreEN:
lion's head cr. betw wings semy of quintefoils


CreEN:
fan circular ch. arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers

CreFR:
écran circulaire aux armes bordé de plumails de plumes de cooq


CreEN:
cone rounded with annulet of peacock eyes around the base


CreEN:
roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 roundels each tipped with a wing


CreEN:
ostrich's head biting horseshoe betw ostrich feathers


CreEN:
2 arms holding crown filled with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with peacock plume betw 2 axes


CreEN:
dragon isst holding pennon ch. arms betw dragon's wings


CreEN:
cone tipped with roundel and peacock plume


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns


CreNote:
all other figures than whole greyhound as talbot gorged


CreEN:
bird cr. betw bull's horns garnished with stars


CreEN:
hat tied with ribbon and tipped with roundel


CreEN:
cone tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers betw 2 fish reversed


CreEN:
bust of king with cone tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
figure of arms isst tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
cone per pale garnished with 2 roses cch tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
eagle's head crested with roundels and peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 wings per fess the base decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
branch with apples tipped with feather plume per pale


CreEN:
rod tipped with rose betw 2 rods tipped with peacock plumes


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with crown and peacock plume betw 2 banners ch. arms


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw banners ch. arms


CreEN:
bust of queen betw antlers garnished with roundels


CreEN:
talbot's head collared cr. betw bat wings


CreEN:
lion's head cr. betw bull's horns compony


CreEN:
dragon's head betw wings decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
serpent cr. feathercrested swallowing child


CreEN:
fan circular ch. arms garnished with peacock feathers betw penneons ch. arms


CreEN:
swan's head betw 2 angle bars tipped with crowns and peacock plumes


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw swan's heads biting a gem-ring


CreEN:
unicorn isst crested garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
figure of arms across rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
human leg mailed and spurred tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
eagle's head betw wings decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
panther isst crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
2 wings ch. figure of arms decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
wolf-hook curled tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
bust of woman with hat cr. tipped with plume


CreEN:
roundel ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed paly tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
lion sejt betw bull's horns each per fess indented


CreEN:
horn across rod with roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman winged betw bull's horns each ch. fess


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested with peacock eyes ch. arms


CreEN:
bust of man holding 2 hunting horns unstringed


CreEN:
cap of maintenance tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns similarly tipped


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw banners


CreEN:
vase per pale tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
eagle's head cr. tipped with 2 elm bushes betw wings ch. escutcheon of arms


CreEN:
mitre ch. arms tipped with 2 roundels with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
horn across rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with roundels ch. arms


CreEN:
beaver's head tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
\DWF = pilgrim or beggar with cap, bag and staff


CreEN:
2 wheel segments without spokes garnished with feathers


CreEN:
water cooler handle garnished with feathers


CreEN:
lion isst with wing crest decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
mitre tipped with 2 roundels holding a rod tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman with 2 antlers on her head


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with a cock feather


CreEN:
lion isst crested garnished with roundels and tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
rod tipped with cushion betw 2 bull's horns each ch. fess


CreEN:
cap pointed betw 2 rods tipped with peacok plumes


CreEN:
bust of man with donkey's ears ch. arms (Midas' bust)


CreEN:
rod tipped with peacock plumes betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
figure of arms garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
cone per fess tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed inv. filled with 2 plumes decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
wheel tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed inv. filled with pecock plume


CreEN:
eagle's head cr. tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
cap pointed inv. ch.arms filled with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed inv. ch.arms filled with ostrich plume


CreEN:
eagle isst cr. tipped with 2 banners ch. arms betw wings


CreEN:
plume of ostrich feathers tipped with a single feather


CreEN:
annulet tipped with mural crown and ostrich plume


CreEN:
swan's head betw 2 angle bars tipped with crowns and tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
feather plume tipped with roundel ch. arms


CreEN:
fan hexagonal garnished with peacock tails


CreNote:
= tour les deux vanteaux ouverts sur mont


CreEN:
tuft of cock feathers betw 2 roundels ch. arms


CreEN:
2 wings semy of elm leaves and ch. roundel of arms


CreEN:
cap pointed ch. arms and balled and tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
bear isst crested tipped with peacock plume hlding a fleur-de-lis


CreFR:
tête de pucelle cr. entre 2 cornes de cerf


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms with cap tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
plume of feathers decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
2 wings ch. arms garnished with peacock eyes


CreNote:
= buste de carnation encapuchonné vêtu parti


CreNote:
= pouf aux armes (BHM:362, ran; puf, tournure) = bonnet aux armes (LLG:109, pop)
RE: birdcage


CreNote:
lanterns or rattle with stick handle and a small knob on top


CreNote:
= cap pointed curled forwards;
RE: similar to ibex horn curled


CreEN:
cap pointed curled semy of fleurs-de-lis


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers and a hand holding reading glasses


CreEN:
lion isst cr. with crest and peacock eyes tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of queen with 2 fish inv. on her shoulders


CreEN:
wheel segment garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
bust of queen betw antlers garnished with roses


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms with cap tipped with feather


CreEN:
2 caps pointed  inv. filled with peacock plumes


CreEN:
annulet per pale tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with elm leaf and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman holding 2 pairs of scissors


CreEN:
2 bull's horns ch. arms held together by a rose


CreEN:
elm tree betw wings decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw feather plumes per fess


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw bull's horns garnished with elm leaves


CreEN:
swan's head betw wings ch. escutcheon of arms


CreEN:
waterlily leaf betw wings ch. figure-of-arms


CreEN:
lion stat tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
talbot's head betw wings per fess plain & arms in base


CreEN:
2 bull's horns garnished with reed maces


CreEN:
cone ch. arms garnished with banners and tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
bust of queen betw crowns holding peacock plumes


CreEN:
bull's horn curved garnished with grillets tipped with star


CreEN:
bust of king holding roundel in each hand


CreEN:
star betw 2 fish reversed tails tied with crown


CreEN:
fan octogonal ch. arms garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
mitre tipped with 2 roundels and a large roundel betw tips


CreEN:
peacock feather betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
bust of queen betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
cap pointed with cap reversed on top and tuft of cock's feathers issuing

CreNote:
cap with upturn Er and similar top end, tuft emerging.


CreEN:
cap pointed with cap reversed on top  betw 2 spearheads


CreEN:
bust of king with heron's beak dressed in arms


CreEN:
mitre ch. arms tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
lion sejt cr. betw bull's horns garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
escutcheon of arms betw bull's horns tipped with peacock plumes


CreEN:
lion isst holding cross tipped with crown


CreEN:
2 arms tied with bendlet holding 3 roundels


CreEN:
roundel ch. arms garnished with peacock plumes


CreEN:
lion's head biting arrow penetrating the neck


CreEN:
man hooded Ar sitting in a chair holding an 'umbrella' dx and a censer sn


CreEN:
lion isst holding 3 ostrich feathers in each paw


CreEN:
bird with wings raised feeding on prey between talons


CreEN:
2 axes in saltire tipped with a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of man with feather plume holding 2 halberds


CreEN:
figure of arms garnished with ostrich feathers


CreEN:
crescent acc. column tipped with estoile


CreNote:
= bust of king with bull's horns as arms;


CreEN:
waterlily leaf betw bull's horns garnished with waterlily leaves


CreEN:
doorway open tipped with 7 ostrich feathers


CreEN:
cone ch. arms tipped with crown and feather plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess with label across


CreEN:
bust of queen ch. arms tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
lion isst crested garnished with roundels and tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
fan octogonal ch. arms garnished with roundels


CreEN:
lion isst crested and garnished with fleurs-de-lis


CreEN:
mitre tipped with bust of queen ch. arms


CreEN:
lion isst tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cross tipped with crown and peacock plume betw 2 bull's horns


CreEN:
fleur-de-lis betw bull's horns semy of roundels tipped with a fleur-de-lis


CreEN:
bull's horn crested and garnished with ostrich feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed garnished with cock feathers and tipped with ball and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bugle horn across vase filled with cock feathers


CreEN:
crown closed garnished with ostrich feathers


CreEN:
wolf's head per fess betw 2 angle bars tipped with crowns and ostrich plumes


CreEN:
2 bull's horns compony tipped with feather plumes


CreEN:
lion isst crested and garnished with peacock eyes holding cup


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with peacock plume betw 2 sickles


CreEN:
wolf's head crested and garnished with grillets


CreEN:
cap pointed in triple tipped with triple plumes


CreEN:
bust of man with cap ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
dragon's head biting 2 angle bars tipped with crowns and peacock plumes


CreEN:
plume of feathers betw 2 fishing hooks addorsed


CreEN:
2 bull's horns tierced tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with feather plume all per pale


CreEN:
bust of woman betw 2 bull's horns dressed


CreEN:
horn per pale the mouth tipped with a tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
crescent on each tip a crown and ostrich plume and ostrich plume in center


CreEN:
unicorn  naissant with 2 angle bars tipped with crowns and feather plumes


CreEN:
bust of man ch. arms with cap ch. arms and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman betw bull's horns garnished with elm leaves


CreEN:
2 bull's horns with 2 serpents cr. climbing


CreNote:
single rose on each cut branch (placed in pale)


CreEN:
horn in fess tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
or heart garnished with tufts of coock feathers


CreEN:
plume of feathers ch. arms with 2 annulets in chains hanging


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 arms


CreEN:
eagle's head cr. tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
cap pointed garnished with roses tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
roundel tipped with bugle horn and rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
lion isst cr. betw wings decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
crescent on each tip a crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
bust of woman adorned with chaplet of roses


CreEN:
2 arms each holding a vase with feather plume


CreEN:
2 bull's horns addorsed tipped with tufts of cock feathers cch


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess cch tipped with feather plumes


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers and 2 rakes in saltire


CreEN:
lion's face cr. tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
rod tipped with crown and peacock plume betw 2 roses


CreEN:
pitcher tipped wit htuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
roundel with bird standing close biting gem-ring


CreEN:
wheel per pale tipped with tuft of cock feathers per pale


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with roundel and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
ibex horn per fess garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
roundel per pale tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
fan triangular ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
talbot's head collared mouth pierced by sword


CreEN:
vase ch. escutcheon with pair of wings issant


CreEN:
mitre ch. arms tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
2 lions facing holding crown stuffed with 3 ostrich feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with crown and peacock tail betw 2 fish inv.


CreEN:
dolphin  and rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
cap pointed tipped with fleur-de-lis all betw 2 feathers


CreEN:
lion sejt betw bull's horns garnished with grillets


CreEN:
2 bull's horns compony garnished with banners


CreEN:
star per fess tipped with crown and peacock plume


CreEN:
lion's head betw 2 vases each holding an ostrich plume


CreEN:
rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw 2 ibex' horns


CreEN:
2 bundles of staves each tipped with a plume of leaves


CreEN:
2 bull's horns per fess cch  garnished with peacock plumes


CreEN:
lozenge garnished with tufts of cock feathers


CreNote:
= 2 spades
-: see figures of arms table;


CreEN:
ostrich's head ch. arms biting horseshoe


CreEN:
talbot's head betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
eagle's head cr. tipped with peacock plume betw wings


CreEN:
birdcage tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman betw bull's horns all per fess


CreEN:
2 bull's horns ch. arms crested and garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
monkey sejt holding annulet betw bull's horns

CreNote:
= lion sejt with human head or capuchon holding annulet betw bull's horns


CreEN:
waterlily leaf per pale betw bull's horns per fess cch


CreEN:
bust of woman tipped with 3 feathers between wings


CreFR:
écran rond ch. anneau entouré d'une collerette


CreEN:
bull's horn per fess tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bust of woman ch. escutcheon of arms betw wings decorated with elm leaves


CreEN:
fan octagonal ch. roundel all tipped with 3 banners


CreEN:
wolf isst betw bull's horns holding tufts of cock feathers


CreEN:
bugle horn reversed the mouth holding plume of feathers


CreEN:
2 bull's horns each ch. fess with pennons added


CreEN:
bust of king with cone tipped with crown and ostrich plume


CreEN:
bird biting gem-ring betw wings semy of elm leaves


CreEN:
fan peaked ch. arms tipped with feather plume


CreEN:
rod tipped with feather plume betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
2 swan's heads each tipped with a peacock feather


CreEN:
2 bull's horns crested and garnished with peacock eyes in front of 2 wings ch. arms


CreEN:
talbot's head per pale betw wings per fess


CreEN:
cap pointed inv tipped with 2 hands each holding a banner ch. arms


CreNote:
see actual item for blazon;
-: e.g.  wing dx per bend & wing sn plain;


CreEN:
tower tipped with roundel and feather plume


CreEN:
bust of man betw bull's horns garnished with peacock eyes


CreEN:
roundel ch. figure of arms betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
2 arms holding crown filled with ostrich feathers


CreEN:
cone tipped with fan circular ch. arms and garnished with peacock feathers


CreEN:
roundel ch. arms tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns


CreEN:
roundel betw 2 swan's heads biting a gem ring


CreNote:
= legs with cuisse, poleyns and greaves =  jambières d'osier


CreEN:
ostrich's head biting horseshoe betw wings


CreEN:
one tipped with crown and tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
bird acc. rod tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
-: wings formed like narrow fans, typically in the Low Countries, e.g. In the armorial de Gelre; only used when normal wings were generally used for an armorial;


CreEN:
figure of arms betw bull's horns garnished with roses


CreEN:
swan's head betw wings per fess in base ch. arms


CreEN:
2 lions facing holding tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
talbot's head collared betw wings ch. arms


CreEN:
eagle's head holding letter 'E' betw 2 peacock plumes


CreEN:
cone rounded ch. arms betw wings ch. arms


CreEN:
wolf-hook terminated in 2 man's heads fronted

CreNote:
= hameçon à loup renversé, les pointes terminées par deux têtes d'homme affrontées


CreEN:
cone rounded tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreNote:
sauvage issant, tenant dans chaque main un penon


CreEN:
roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
fleur-de-lis betw wings ch. figure of arms


CreEN:
plume of feathers decorated with elm leaves betw wings


CreEN:
lion isst cr. betw bull's horns ch. arms


CreEN:
roundel checky garnished with cock's feathers


CreEN:
cushion tipped with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
scissors per fess tippen with tuft of cock feathers


CreEN:
star on crescent tipped with peacock plume


CreEN:
roundel tipped with tuft of cock feathers betw bull's horns


# tblCrestGp

CreGpCmnt:
trekantede figurer (spidsdelt skjold) [flere Gp slettet]


CreGpCmnt:
mennesket - hovedbeklædning, incl. hjælm


CreGpCmnt:
uspecificeret figur, oftest vanskelig at beskrive kortfattet.


CreGpCmnt:
polske våben, der ikke kan beskrives entydigt


# tblDiocese

DioCmnt:
PR.12 = Bf.Bremen.
ARMS:
-: Gu 2 keys Ar in saltire = 1463, Sieb 8:t147;


DioCmnt:
= PR.30, Preussen 1760 (736.13);
BISHOP:
-: Gebhard von Hoym, 1458-1480; Ernst (II) Hz.Sachsen, 1480-1513; Albert (V) MGf.Brandenburg 1513-1545;


DioCmnt:
= PR.35; Bischofstum;
Johan Hoya 1399-1424 + Bp-E.Paderborn;


DioCmnt:
PR.36; imm./ suffr. Magdeburg Bf.Kammin  = Cammin = Chamin = Hammin 1605+1760 (SIE:12n, Diderot 634) = Kammin (diocese) = Caminen;
ARMS:
-: Ar cross Gu;
-: Ar cross formy Gu = 1618 Ulrich Hz.Pommern;
-. Az cross cammin Or (Gu) = Kamminer Kreuz;


DioCmnt:
Kfst & Ebt. Köln = Cologne  
RE: Fulda = PR.39;
REF: Sieb 8/1.5.1:n;


DioCmnt:
PR.7; Fsm&EBf.Magdeburg 1605.  
VAR: PR 1760 + H.bort,M916.  
ARMS:
-: {per fess Gu-Ar & barruly Ar-Gu}, Hupp ARL 280n4);
RE: Stadt Magdeburg 1605 = Gu castle Or acc. human Az (SIE:241); Kf.Sachsen 1733 '{ealge :dim: barry}, Oswald H 421).
-:


DioCmnt:
TIT: Ebf & Kf;  Christ-monogram, spokes per pale changed c.1550;  Mainzer-rad fra c.1300, Doppelrad fra c.1550 (Oswald 318);
LINE:
-: Johan (II) Nassau 1397-1419; Conrad (III) WGf.Daun 1413(erw.)-1434;
REF: Sieb Bi = 8/1.5.1:1-2+160-161;


DioCmnt:
PR.34; FBf.Minden
BISHOP:
-: Wilbrand Gf.Hallermund  & Abt.Corvey 1406-1436;  Albert Gf.Hoya 1436-1473; Heinrich III Gf.Schauenburg 1473-1508;


DioCmnt:
TIT: FBf.Münster
BISHOP:
-: Otto von Hoya (adm., c1414); Heinrich II Gf.Mörs 1424-1450; Wolram Gf.Mörs / Bf.Utrecht, Bf.Münster 1450-1456, + anti: Erich Gf.Hoya (es.1457 )+ Johan III PfGf.Rhein (papal elect, EBf.Magdeburg 1464); Heinrich III Gf.Schwartzburg & Ebf.Bremen, Bf.Münster & Adm.Bremen 1465-1496; Conrad II Gf.Ritberg & Bf.Osnabrück & Adm.Münster 1496-1508;
RE: Minden;


DioCmnt:
= PR.32; Bf.Osnabrück = brenburg.
-: Eubel HC 1:397-398 (Osnabrück)


DioCmnt:
Kft & Ebft Trier = Trèves;
-: Cuno von Falckenstein 1362-88, Werner vF 1388-1418 (GOR);  Otto von Ziegenhain 1418-30; Raban von Helmstätt Ebf 1430-39; Jakob Sierck 1439-56 (LYN); Johann (II) Baden (1456-1503);
REF: Lex.Mitt. 8:999;


DioCmnt:
FBft; seigneurie; provincial banner = 1+4) bishopric, 2+3) Holland, E: the town;
Unterstift = prov Utrecht, hol influence; Oberstift = OberIJssel, gue influece + Coevorden; 
BISHOPS: Jan IV Arkel 1342-64; --; Florent de Wevelinghoven d.1393; Fried Blanckenheim 1393-1423; skisma = Rudolf Diepholz 1427-56;  David de Bourgogne 1456-96; Frid Baden 1496-1517;
REF: LexMit;


DioCmnt:
-: York - ancient  = Canterbury = Armagh = pallium (pall) and staff, 
-: anciet 0 pallium 6 prossessional staff, used by Robert Waldby, r.1397-98 (XBM:2328), but York-modern in XBM:2327;
-: replaced c1550 by crossed keys and ancient papal tiara remodelled as a regal crown on peaked cap, but used by Henry Bowett, r.1407-1423(XBM:2329) and by John Kemp, r.1426-52 (XBM:1452);
REF: Bedford BE = WKR Bedford, The Blazon of Episcopy, Oxford, 1897 (England-Wales; York modern);  Burke GA 1150; McCarthy EH; Hawke YM 41n85 (vitrail / stained glass window; ancient + modern);


DioCmnt:
TIT: diocese of Würzburg; fkn-hen
ARMS: in use 1314; title (and new arms) Hzt.Franken in use by 1440;
REF: Sieb 8:6+143 (list of bishops);


DioCmnt:
Chur =  Coire =(Curien., suffr. Mainz; Graubünden / Grisons, also noted as in Tirol;


DioCmnt:
-: Andreas Luxembourg Bp.1389; Pierre d'Alliaco / d'Ailly 1396-1412, card 1412-20; Jean de Gavre-Liedekerke 1412;
-: suffr.Köln in 1414 according to Zimmermann WG 14;


DioCmnt:
bishop and chapter of cathedral of Metz;
LIST: Sieb 8:151;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP:
-: Raban von Helmstett 1396-1438, Ebf.Trier 1430; Reinhard von Helmstett 1438-1456; Siegfried III von Venningen 1456-1459; Johan II Nix von Hoheneck gt Enzenberg 1459-1464; Matthias von Rammingen 1464-1478; Ludwig von Helmstett 1478-1504;
ARMS:
-: Az cross Ar;
-: Gu castle Ar acc. crown in chf Or (and crosier in bend) = Schrott WB 1576 + Q2 in 1519 a.o.;


DioCmnt:
Friedrich Gf.Oettingen, 1485-1490;  Christoph Schachner, 1490-1500; Wigulens Fröschler von Marzoll, 1500-1517; Ernst Hz.Bayern, coadjutor in Passau, 1517-1540, EBf.Salzburg 1540;


DioCmnt:
ARMS: Gu fess Ar acc. cross formy isst Ar;
REF: Sieb 8:t11;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP: Patavien., suffr. Salzburg; 
-: Georg I Gf.Hohenloe 1388-1423; Leonhard Laiminger 1423-1451; Ulrich III von Nussdorf 1451-1479; Georg II Hasler 1480-1482, cardinal; Friederich I Mauerkircher 1482-1485; Friederich II Gf.Oettingen 1485-1490; Christoph Schachner 1490-1500; Virgilius Fröschler von Marzoll 1500-1517;
REF: Gall W 214;


DioCmnt:
ARMS:
-: town = Ar-Sa;
-: diocese = Ar-Gu;


DioCmnt:
FBt. Freising 718-1817, EBt.München-Freising;
-: Stadt Freising + Gft.Ismaning + Hft.Burgkrain + Gft.Werdenfels a.o.;


DioCmnt:
Chiemsee = Kemse  (diocese) = Chiemen.,  suffr. Salzburg; cr.1215, closed 1803, seat on Island of Herrenwörth, vicarbishops of Salzburg;
BISHOP:
-: Georg (II) Altorfer, 1477-1495; Ludwig (II)/Georg Ebner, 1495-1502; Christoph (I) Mendel von Steinfels, 1502-1506;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP: Olomucen, suffr. Prag;
-: Prothas von Boscowitz 1457-1482; Johan XXIII Witicz Bf.Grosswardein & administrator14831486; Johan XIV Borgia, cardinal & admin 1492-1497; Stanislaus I Thurzo 1497-1540;

REF: Sieb Bi 55;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP: FBt.Graz-Seckau ;
ARMS: Segenhand;
-: Georg II von Ueberacker 1452-1477; Christoph I von Trautmannsdorf 1477-1480; Johan II Serlinger 1480-1481; Mathias Scheit 1482-1503, resign, d.1512; Christoph II von Zach, coadjutor, 1503-1508;
REF: Gall W 221;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP: FBt.Gurk-Klagenfurt;
-: Ulrich (III) von Sonneberg, 1453-1469; Lorenz (III) Freiberger, 1470-1487; 
-: possibly Sixtus von Tannberger 1469-1474, created by Paul II without recommendation by Ebf.Salzburg, vacant ?, 1487-1490 ?;
-: Raimund Bertrand, cardinal, 1490-1505;  Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg, 1505-1519, cardinal 1505, EBf.Salzburg 1519;
ARMS:
-: Ar tower Az on terrasse Gu = ancient;
-: per pale Sa lion Or & Gu fess Ar = from Albrecht I in 1305 (Gall W 221), re Salzburg;
chapter = lozengy;
REF: Gall W 221;


DioCmnt:
Augsburg, diocese = Augusten. Vindelicorum, suff. Mainz; Bavaria;


DioCmnt:
EBft.Prag was governed by administrators 1421-1561, as Conrad von Vechta Ebf. 1412-1431 joined the Hussites;
ARCHBISHOP:
-: Arnoszt z Pardubice;
REF: Sieb Bi 105+165; Janacek & Louda: Ceske erby, 1974/1988;


DioCmnt:
ARMS:
-: {Az Our Lady and babe} in Bedford BE 110;
RE: 
-: Robert Hallum/Hallam, Bp 1408-17, XBM:2206 = 2 shields, 1410 = Salisbury = (1) sword & key in saltire + (2) Hallam =  {Sa cross engrailed Er acc. crescent Er in chf dx},;
-: mary & child used on seals 1229, not as a coat of arms;
-: Ric Mitford, Bp.1395-1407, XBM:2205 = 2 shields (1) France qtg England, (2) Mitford = {barry indented of 4};


DioCmnt:
union of Posen & Gnesen / Gnezno 1795; Posen = Poznan;
BISHOP- with hrb:
-: Andreas III de Bnin Opalinski 1433-1479; Uriel comes a Gorka Lodzia 1479-1498; Johannes VII Lubranski Godziembarum 1498-1520;
ARCHBISHOPS in GNESEN:
-: Jacobus III Sieninski 1473-1480; Sbigneus Olesnicki 1480-1493; Friedericus princeps regius 1493-1503; Andreas I Boryzewski 1505-1510;
REF: Sieb Bi 127;


DioCmnt:
DIOCESE: Breslau = Wroclaw = Vratislavien., suffr. Gnezno, Silesia, now Poland;
ARMS:
-:  6 fleurs-de-lis, 3:2:1 -or- 3:3; Az-Or -or- Gu-Or;
BISHOPS:
-: Wencelas Hz.Liegnitz, 1382-1417;
-: Rudolf, born in Rüdesheim, 1468-1482; Johan (IV) Roth, sou, 1482-1506 + Johan (V) Turzo, coadjutor & Bf. 1506, d.1520;
-: Johan Turzo, d.1520 = Breslau qtg {Or 3 roses Gu & chief Gu ch. lion isst Or};
REF: Sieb Bi 66+t53; Gumowski PS #365 (Wenzel 1413);


DioCmnt:
ARMS:
-: Agnus Dei = c1376, by Johan (II) Genzenstein/Jenstein, and successors;
-: per pale & fleur-de-lis cch = SIE:11n5, not in Sieb Bi t7;
BISHOP:
-:  Dietrich von Schönberg, 1463-1476; Johan (V) von Weissenbach, 1476-1487; Johan (VI) von Salhausen, 1487-1518;
REF:   Sieb Bi 3+157;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP:
-: Gerhard von Goch 1409-1422 = {kølle.k}; Johan II von Schleinitz 1422-1434; Peter von Schleinitz 1434-1465; Georg von Haugwitz 1463; Dietrich III zu Bukendorf / Bockdorf 1463-1466;  Heinrich II von Stammer 1466-1480; Dietrich IV von Schönberg, coadjutor, 1480-1482; Johan III von Schönberg, coadjutor, 1492-1517;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP:
-: Nic Lubich, c1414; Thilo von Throtha, r.1466-1514;


DioCmnt:
Antonio Casini 1409-27;
REF: Eubel HC 1:470;


DioCmnt:
Joannes de Bedrichma / Hédervár 1386-1418;
REF: Eubel HC 1:293;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP:
-: Theobald Schweinbeck, 1446-1463; Rudolf von Rüdisheim, 1463-1468; Johann (I) von Rott, 1468-1482; Georg (I), 1482-1487; Ehrhard Paumgartner, 1487-1508; Leonhard (I) Pewerl, 1508-1533;
REF: Gall W 222;


DioCmnt:
BISHOP: Bp.Eichstätt (Eysteten., Bavaria);
-: Friederich  von Oettingen, 1384, d.1415; Johan von Heideck, 1415, d.1429; Albrecht von Hohenrechberg 1429; Johan (III) von Aich, 1445-1464; Wilhelm von Reichenau, 1464-1496; Gabriel von Eyb, 1496-1535 = Ar 3 escallops Gu;


DioCmnt:
Eberhard 1397-1406 + 1409-19, d.1419, (b-i-l/Gf.Alben, 1393 propst von Hermannstadt, Erzkanzler 1404, Bp.Wardein 1406-09); Andrea Scolari 1407-1409, d.1426, (Wardein 1409-26);
REF: Eubel HC 1:77;
-- Argen./Agram (Kalocsa)


DioCmnt:
ecclesiastical participants (bishops) at the Council of Constance 1414-1418


DioCmnt:
ARMS:
-: giffin, SIE:12n11 + Schrot WB;
-: per fess Gu-Or & 2 crosiers Az-Or per saltire}  = diocese 1336 + 1365  + Rudolf III Hz.Mecklenburg, Bp.1390-1415;
REF: Sieb 8:t29;


DioCmnt:
on the western shore of the Bay of Taranto, nr Cocigliano;


DioCmnt:
-: Havelberg (Q2 = Az cross Ar) incl. 1930 in diocese of Berlin with  Brandenburg, Kammin {Az cross cammin Or} and Lebus;
ARMS:
-: Az 2 crosiers tied with bends Ar acc. cross Ar in chf = Sieb 8:t227+235;
REF: Heim HC 57;


DioCmnt:
diocese of London = Londonien.
ARMS:
-: swords in saltire = recorded in College of Arms, Bedford BE 82, used 1348;
-: 3 eagles = XBM:1929b (Ric Clifford, 1407-21);
-: no armorial seal until Fulk Basset 1244-59 = {3 bars nebuly};


DioCmnt:
Marienwerder = Insula Beate Maria = Pomesanien, diocese, suffr. Riga / exempt;


DioCmnt:
le Puy-en-Velay, auv = Anicien.; imm. / Bourges
-: Gu main Ar tenant crosse Or sortant d'une nuée sn Az et main tenant épée sortant de nuée dx Az & bordure engrêlée Ar, Meurgey EF 148;


DioCmnt:
Petrus Nani 1410-18; Johs Contarini, Elect.Constantinopel 1418-28 admin;


DioCmnt:
DIOCESE: Kulm = Chelmno, prov Bydgodsz, Poland;


DioCmnt:
temp 1320-22; titular, Nic, OP, 1320; only one Bp;


DioCmnt:
-: Petrus Joannis 1401, d.1408; Andreas Joannis 1410, d.1419; Arnoldus Joannis 1420, d.1428; Thomas Simonsson 1429;
REF:
-: Eubel HC 1:464; www;


DioCmnt:
Eskil Torstensom 1410-1426; Nicolaus Ragvald 1426-


DioCmnt:
Lemberg = Halicien = Lemburgen = Launburgen = Leopolien


DioCmnt:
Johs de St.Avit, d.1442, Bp.Avranches (Abricantin. / Abrincen., suffr. Rouen; Bretagne) 1391;


DioCmnt:
Robert de la Motte, d.1423, Bp.St.Malo 1389;


DioCmnt:
ep.arvernorum = Bp.Auvergne -- XDA:6576;


DioCmnt:
Arnaldo de Peyraco 1407-17; Geraldus de Podio / duPuy, OFM, 1417-25;


DioCmnt:
-: 8 suffragans in Nieheim, 8 in Eubel, 6 at Konstanz,


DioCmnt:
Francisco Capera 1410-15 + 1419-29, Andreas Bertrandi 1415-19;


DioCmnt:
Francisco Alfonzo 1408-1420 (ex-ep.Nicien.);
REF: Zimmermann WG 10; Eubel HC 1:121;


DioCmnt:
Gundisalvo 1394-1419;
REF: Eubel HC 1:303;


DioCmnt:
Francesco Montepoliciano-Bellarmini 1413-33;
REF: Zimmermann WG 10;


DioCmnt:
Stefano de Carraria 1412-27;
EUBel HC 1:95;


DioCmnt:
Italia inf.,
-: Jacobus Donadei, 1400-, apost.auditor, appoited by Bon.IX;


DioCmnt:
Johs Dominici card. S.Sixti, admin 1412-24;


DioCmnt:
Bruniacen. / Ampruniaten. / Brugnaten. = Brumaten. (Zimmermann WG 16) = ep.primacensis (KCR:398, Laszloczsky KK 160);


DioCmnt:
Thomas Paruta, OP vs. Jacobus de Montina, OFM, 1409-20


DioCmnt:
Johs, former abb.Mt.S.Proculi,  1412-17; Niccolo Albergati, OCarth, 1418-26, cardinal 1426;


# tblEmblemTerms

TermDef:
A person distinguished either specifically or generically by a professional title derived from the Old French heraus: heraut (often via the Latin heraldus), and practising a profession derived directly or indirectly from that of the French herauts (d’armes)

Comment:
A person distinguished either specifically or generically by a professional title derived from the Old French heraus: heraut (often via the Latin heraldus), and practising a profession derived directly or indirectly from that of the French herauts (d’armes)


TermDef:
The professional position or office of a herald of arms,either in general or in particular

Comment:
The professional position or office of a herald of arms,either in general or in particular


TermDef:
(With a definite article) The whole corps of heralds; 
(With an indefinite article or in the plural) A particular corps or body of heralds, defined in household or geographical terms (English royal heraldage, heraldage of the March of Anjou)

Comment:
(With a definite article) The whole corps of heralds; 
(With an indefinite article or in the plural) A particular corps or body of heralds, defined in household or geographical terms (English royal heraldage, heraldage of the March of Anjou)


TermDef:
A herald of any rank who holds a position in a lordly household with a distinctive title and official duties

Comment:
A herald of any rank who holds a position in a lordly household with a distinctive title and official duties


TermDef:
The oddice of arms or a heraldage conceived of as a body of officers of arms

Comment:
The oddice of arms or a heraldage conceived of as a body of officers of arms


TermDef:
Pertaining to, associated with (either currently or historically), or having the nature of, the heralds of arms or their profession

Comment:
Pertaining to, associated with (either currently or historically), or having the nature of, the heralds of arms or their profession


TermDef:
The set of phenomena centred on the profession of the heralds as such, and including all matters of professional interest (whether current or historical) to them

Comment:
The set of phenomena centred on the profession of the heralds as such, and including all matters of professional interest (whether current or historical) to them


TermDef:
The profession (i.e., the professional duties and related expertise) of the heralds of arms of Latin Christendom in all areas of their professional life, whether historical or current, and conceived of either in general or (marked with suitable modifiers) as it existed in any particular time and place. The duties came to be extremely varied but never sorted into officially-recognized divisions; they may be roughly classified on the basis of their nature into five sets.

Comment:
The profession (i.e., the professional duties and related expertise) of the heralds of arms of Latin Christendom in all areas of their professional life, whether historical or current, and conceived of either in general or (marked with suitable modifiers) as it existed in any particular time and place. The duties came to be extremely varied but never sorted into officially-recognized divisions; they may be roughly classified on the basis of their nature into five sets.


TermDef:
The division of heraldry concerned with recognizing, proclaiming, marking, and certifying the identity of individuals, lineages,  and other entities; divisible into three subdivisions.

Comment:
The division of heraldry concerned with recognizing, proclaiming, marking, and certifying the identity of individuals, lineages,  and other entities; divisible into three subdivisions.


TermDef:
The original heraldic functions of recognizing the identity of knights in tournaments and jousts, remembering and declaring their past performances, and singing their praise for victories

Comment:
The original heraldic functions of recognizing the identity of knights in tournaments and jousts, remembering and declaring their past performances, and singing their praise for victories


TermDef:
The secondary functions of recognizing, recording, certifying, and declaring the ancestry of armigers, and the nature and descent of their dignities, especially those of their master

Comment:
The secondary functions of recognizing, recording, certifying, and declaring the ancestry of armigers, and the nature and descent of their dignities, especially those of their master


TermDef:
The heraldic functions concerned in a direct way with emblems, of any and all of the eventually heraldic families; divisible on the basis of their general nature into three types of function

Comment:
The heraldic functions concerned in a direct way with emblems, of any and all of the eventually heraldic families; divisible on the basis of their general nature into three types of function


TermDef:
The heraldic emblematic functions involving creativity; divisible into (1) general functions: inventing the rules and conventions governing the form, description, combination, use, and meaning of emblems;  and (2) particular functions: designing particular emblems in keeping with the established rules

Comment:
The heraldic emblematic functions involving creativity; divisible into (1) general functions: inventing the rules and conventions governing the form, description, combination, use, and meaning of emblems;  and (2) particular functions: designing particular emblems in keeping with the established rules


TermDef:
Functions related to the legal aspects of the emblematic code, and to emblems as a form of property and as marks of status: 
(1) Collective-recordative functions: collecting, recording,
      and publishing corpora of armorial emblems;  
(2) Donative functions: Conferring emblems by letters patent;
(3) Judicial functions: The functions set out in b.iii below 
     concerned with the ownership and use of emblems; 
(4) Enforcement functions: Bringing charges when the legal 
    rules appear to have been broken, and enforcing the decision of
    the court
(5) Legislative functions: formally adopting and publishing the
     rules governing the use of emblems

Comment:
Functions related to the legal aspects of the emblematic code, and to emblems as a form of property and as marks of status: 
(1) Collective-recordative functions: collecting, recording,
      and publishing corpora of armorial emblems;  
(2) Donative functions: Conferring emblems by letters patent;
(3) Judicial functions: The functions set out in b.iii below 
     concerned with the ownership and use of emblems; 
(4) Enforcement functions: Bringing charges when the legal 
    rules appear to have been broken, and enforcing the decision of
    the court
(5) Legislative functions: formally adopting and publishing the
     rules governing the use of emblems


TermDef:
The set of official heraldic functions related to the activities of knights and (after c. 1250) militarily active esquires, as such

Comment:
The set of official heraldic functions related to the activities of knights and (after c. 1250) militarily active esquires, as such


TermDef:
Arranging, proclaiming, officiating at knightly games

Comment:
Arranging, proclaiming, officiating at knightly games


TermDef:
Assisting the Constable & Marshal(s) in organizing the army, identifying its leaders, and identifying the dead on the field

Comment:
Assisting the Constable & Marshal(s) in organizing the army, identifying its leaders, and identifying the dead on the field


TermDef:
Assisting the Constable & Marshal(s) in settling disputes over rights to arms, precedence, etc., and presiding at trials by combat

Comment:
Assisting the Constable & Marshal(s) in settling disputes over rights to arms, precedence, etc., and presiding at trials by combat


TermDef:
Acting as keeper of records of membership, pedigrees, armories, and deeds of members of an order of knighthood

Comment:
Acting as keeper of records of membership, pedigrees, armories, and deeds of members of an order of knighthood


TermDef:
The set of functions related to the delivery of communications of any sort from the heralds’ master, by any of several means

Comment:
The set of functions related to the delivery of communications of any sort from the heralds’ master, by any of several means


TermDef:
The public proclamation of tournaments, wars, accessions, deaths, and other important events involving their master

Comment:
The public proclamation of tournaments, wars, accessions, deaths, and other important events involving their master


TermDef:
The delivery of private (often secret) messages from their master, and the related body of knowledge and skills

Comment:
The delivery of private (often secret) messages from their master, and the related body of knowledge and skills


TermDef:
Serving as a collector of revenues for a court or fiscal body (possibly peculiar to Scotland)

Comment:
Serving as a collector of revenues for a court or fiscal body (possibly peculiar to Scotland)


TermDef:
The set of heraldic functions related to the conduct of ceremonies, especially coronations, investitures, degradations,
assemblies, weddings, and funerals, and  the related body of knowledge & skills

Comment:
The set of heraldic functions related to the conduct of ceremonies, especially coronations, investitures, degradations,
assemblies, weddings, and funerals, and  the related body of knowledge & skills


TermDef:
The set of heraldic functions concerned with the establishment of the general form and rules for the use of insignia (especially iconic insignia) of various statuses ( especially dignities)

Comment:
The set of heraldic functions concerned with the establishment of the general form and rules for the use of insignia (especially iconic insignia) of various statuses ( especially dignities)


TermDef:
The set of heraldic functions related to the professional training of apprentice heralds, or pursuivants; teaching through oral instruction, demonstration, and written instruction.

Comment:
The set of heraldic functions related to the professional training of apprentice heralds, or pursuivants; teaching through oral instruction, demonstration, and written instruction.


TermDef:
A person other than a herald of arms exercising some of the (primarily non-emblematic) functions of a contemporary herald of arms in other countries (e.g., the tournament-criers of Germany and Italy before c. 1350)

Comment:
A person other than a herald of arms exercising some of the (primarily non-emblematic) functions of a contemporary herald of arms in other countries (e.g., the tournament-criers of Germany and Italy before c. 1350)


TermDef:
The professional functions of paraheralds

Comment:
The professional functions of paraheralds


TermDef:
Pertaining to paraheralds and their functions

Comment:
Pertaining to paraheralds and their functions


TermDef:
A person other than a herald of arms exercising some or all of the traditional emblematic functions of a herald in a country in which true heralds of arms have ceased either to exist or to function in this area (e.g., the French juges d’armes and the officers of the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry)

Comment:
A person other than a herald of arms exercising some or all of the traditional emblematic functions of a herald in a country in which true heralds of arms have ceased either to exist or to function in this area (e.g., the French juges d’armes and the officers of the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry)


TermDef:
The professional functions of proheralds

Comment:
The professional functions of proheralds


TermDef:
Pertaining to proheralds and their functions

Comment:
Pertaining to proheralds and their functions


TermDef:
A geographical area defined on the basis of the presence of heralds and the level of their professional development

Comment:
A geographical area defined on the basis of the presence of heralds and the level of their professional development


TermDef:
The region of Latin Christendom in which the heraldic profession first emerged, and was firmly established before 1200; corresponding to the territories of the Kingdoms of France and Arles, and of the former Duchy of Lotharingia in Germany

Comment:
The region of Latin Christendom in which the heraldic profession first emerged, and was firmly established before 1200; corresponding to the territories of the Kingdoms of France and Arles, and of the former Duchy of Lotharingia in Germany


TermDef:
The region of Latin Christendom into which the primitive form of the heraldic profession was introduced directly from the Primary Region between c. 1200 and c. 1270, corresponding to the Kingdoms of England and possibly the Iberian Peninsula

Comment:
The region of Latin Christendom into which the primitive form of the heraldic profession was introduced directly from the Primary Region between c. 1200 and c. 1270, corresponding to the Kingdoms of England and possibly the Iberian Peninsula


TermDef:
The region of Latin Christendom into which the intermediate form of the heraldic profession was introduced directly or indirectly from the Primary Region between 1300 and 1350, corresponding to the remaining lands of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany and Italy, the two Kingdoms of Sicily? and the Domain of the Crown of Hungary?

Comment:
The region of Latin Christendom into which the intermediate form of the heraldic profession was introduced directly or indirectly from the Primary Region between 1300 and 1350, corresponding to the remaining lands of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany and Italy, the two Kingdoms of Sicily? and the Domain of the Crown of Hungary?


TermDef:
The region of Latin Christendom into which the mature form of the heraldic profession was introduced from a neighbouring region between c. 1350 and 1500, corresponding to the lowlands of Scotland?, the Irish Pale? Scandinavia? and Poland-Lithuania?

Comment:
The region of Latin Christendom into which the mature form of the heraldic profession was introduced from a neighbouring region between c. 1350 and 1500, corresponding to the lowlands of Scotland?, the Irish Pale? Scandinavia? and Poland-Lithuania?


TermDef:
A level in the development of the heraldic profession, defined on the basis of the nature and number of duties associated with it, and characteristic of particular phases of its development in the most advanced countries of the Primary and Secondary Regions.  The earlier/lower stages were peculiar to those regions, and the highest stages (high and late classic) were less well-developed in other Regions.

Comment:
A level in the development of the heraldic profession, defined on the basis of the nature and number of duties associated with it, and characteristic of particular phases of its development in the most advanced countries of the Primary and Secondary Regions.  The earlier/lower stages were peculiar to those regions, and the highest stages (high and late classic) were less well-developed in other Regions.


TermDef:
The stage in which the heralds were itinerant and mainly self-employed, and their duties consisted of the recognition and praise of knights in tournaments and jousts, and probably advising them on the design and modification of arms.

Comment:
The stage in which the heralds were itinerant and mainly self-employed, and their duties consisted of the recognition and praise of knights in tournaments and jousts, and probably advising them on the design and modification of arms.


TermDef:
The substage in which the heralds lacked any special relationship to a knight (c. 1050/1100 –c. 1170)

Comment:
The substage in which the heralds lacked any special relationship to a knight (c. 1050/1100 –c. 1170)


TermDef:
The substage in which the heralds increasingly attached themselves to the service of particular knights, created the language of blazon, and composed the first armorials, but were not yet members of noble households (c. 1170 – c. 1270)

Comment:
The substage in which the heralds increasingly attached themselves to the service of particular knights, created the language of blazon, and composed the first armorials, but were not yet members of noble households (c. 1170 – c. 1270)


TermDef:
The stage in which the heralds were attached to royal and lordly households, organized into three grades, attached to territorial jurisdictions, and assigned new military, chivalric, nuntial, and proclamatory functions, but did not yet occupy stable, named offices (c. 1270 – c. 1330)

Comment:
The stage in which the heralds were attached to royal and lordly households, organized into three grades, attached to territorial jurisdictions, and assigned new military, chivalric, nuntial, and proclamatory functions, but did not yet occupy stable, named offices (c. 1270 – c. 1330)


TermDef:
The stage in which the heralds were assigned increasingly stable named offices of four grades, and all of most of the remaining functions associated with their profession in the Primary-Secondary Region other than those related to the administration of armories, but still operated in a mainly oral manner, lacked both written texts setting out their origins, rights, and duties and any sort of corporate organization, and were still recruited from the humbler strata of society (c. 1330 – c. 1400)

Comment:
The stage in which the heralds were assigned increasingly stable named offices of four grades, and all of most of the remaining functions associated with their profession in the Primary-Secondary Region other than those related to the administration of armories, but still operated in a mainly oral manner, lacked both written texts setting out their origins, rights, and duties and any sort of corporate organization, and were still recruited from the humbler strata of society (c. 1330 – c. 1400)


TermDef:
The stage in which the heralds, while retaining all of their traditional functions, acquired in some countries the right to register, regulate, and even grant armories, and rose in prestige to the point where nobles joined their ranks and kings of arms could be knighted — partly as a result of their creation of a growing body of professional literature, including pseudo-historical and didactic works, of their incorporation into collegiate corporations, and of the growing attachment of the office of principal king of arms of a kingdom or domain to a curial order of knighthood (c. 1400 – c. 1530)

Comment:
The stage in which the heralds, while retaining all of their traditional functions, acquired in some countries the right to register, regulate, and even grant armories, and rose in prestige to the point where nobles joined their ranks and kings of arms could be knighted — partly as a result of their creation of a growing body of professional literature, including pseudo-historical and didactic works, of their incorporation into collegiate corporations, and of the growing attachment of the office of principal king of arms of a kingdom or domain to a curial order of knighthood (c. 1400 – c. 1530)


TermDef:
The stage in which the heralds in all kingdoms began to lose their ludic, military, and nuntial functions, but in some kingdoms (notably those of the British Isles) actually acquired important new emblematic and insignial functions (including the right and duty to conduct inquisitional visitations of all armigers in their jurisdiction) (c. 1530 – c. 1610/25)

Comment:
The stage in which the heralds in all kingdoms began to lose their ludic, military, and nuntial functions, but in some kingdoms (notably those of the British Isles) actually acquired important new emblematic and insignial functions (including the right and duty to conduct inquisitional visitations of all armigers in their jurisdiction) (c. 1530 – c. 1610/25)


TermDef:
The stage in which the heralds of all kingdoms lost their remaining ludic, military, and nuntial functions, and were reduced either to their emblematic, insignial, and ceremonial functions, or (in France) to their ceremonial functions alone (c. 1610/25 – 1790/ present)

Comment:
The stage in which the heralds of all kingdoms lost their remaining ludic, military, and nuntial functions, and were reduced either to their emblematic, insignial, and ceremonial functions, or (in France) to their ceremonial functions alone (c. 1610/25 – 1790/ present)


TermDef:
A knowledge of several areas of heraldica on a level above that of apprentice, including a good command of armory and a basic command of the history of heraldry and ARMIGERY in at least one country

Comment:
A knowledge of several areas of heraldica on a level above that of apprentice, including a good command of armory and a basic command of the history of heraldry and ARMIGERY in at least one country


TermDef:
A person possessing heraldic expertise in two or more areas; distinguished both from an APPRENTICE HERALDIST and from an (expert) ARMORIST

Comment:
A person possessing heraldic expertise in two or more areas; distinguished both from an APPRENTICE HERALDIST and from an (expert) ARMORIST


TermDef:
A heraldist in training whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of an undergraduate specialist

Comment:
A heraldist in training whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of an undergraduate specialist


TermDef:
An expert heraldist whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of a bachelor in some discipline

Comment:
An expert heraldist whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of a bachelor in some discipline


TermDef:
An expert heraldist whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of a master in some discipline

Comment:
An expert heraldist whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of a master in some discipline


TermDef:
An expert heraldist whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of a doctor of philosophy, and who is actively engaged in research on the highest level

Comment:
An expert heraldist whose knowledge of heraldica is of a level comparable to that of a doctor of philosophy, and who is actively engaged in research on the highest level


TermDef:
Pertaining to or characteristic of heraldists or their expertise

Comment:
Pertaining to or characteristic of heraldists or their expertise


TermDef:
The multidisciplinary field of research, whether scholarly or unscholarly, concerned with heraldica generally

Comment:
The multidisciplinary field of research, whether scholarly or unscholarly, concerned with heraldica generally


TermDef:
A definable corpus of works on heraldica composed by heraldic scholars on the basis of original research

Comment:
A definable corpus of works on heraldica composed by heraldic scholars on the basis of original research


TermDef:
The field of study concerned with heraldic SIGNS of all three functional types, and of all conventional families and species

Comment:
The field of study concerned with heraldic SIGNS of all three functional types, and of all conventional families and species


TermDef:
The subfield of heraldic studies concerned with heraldic EMBLEMATICS

Comment:
The subfield of heraldic studies concerned with heraldic EMBLEMATICS


TermDef:
The subfield of heraldic semeiology concerned with signs of the armorial family

Comment:
The subfield of heraldic semeiology concerned with signs of the armorial family


TermDef:
The subfield of heraldic emblematology concerned with emblems of the armorial family

Comment:
The subfield of heraldic emblematology concerned with emblems of the armorial family


TermDef:
II. A. SIGNS, SEMEIOTICS, SEMANTICS, AND SEMANTIC CATEGORIES, ANALYTICAL AND CONVENTIONAL

Comment:
SIGNS, SEMEIOTICS, SEMANTICS, AND SEMANTIC CATEGORIES, ANALYTICAL AND CONVENTIONAL


TermDef:
Some sound, movement, behaviour, object, or the like, adopted, usually in an essentially arbitrary way, to denote a different phenomenon, concept, or entity, called in this context the referent of the sign (or the signified of the sign as signifier)

Comment:
Some sound, movement, behaviour, object, or the like, adopted, usually in an essentially arbitrary way, to denote a different phenomenon, concept, or entity, called in this context the referent of the sign (or the signified of the sign as signifier)


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a sign of any type

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a sign of any type


TermDef:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the design, representation, meaning, and use of signs, either in general or of a particular analytical category, 
or a cultural-historical species or family

Comment:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the design, representation, meaning, and use of signs, either in general or of a particular analytical category, 
or a cultural-historical species or family


TermDef:
To represent (a referent) by a sign, or in the manner of a sign

Comment:
To represent (a referent) by a sign, or in the manner of a sign


TermDef:
The whole set of rules and conventions governing the creation, description, and use of signs of a conventional species or family; (e.g. the morphology and syntax of a particular language)

Comment:
The whole set of rules and conventions governing the creation, description, and use of signs of a conventional species or family; (e.g. the morphology and syntax of a particular language)


TermDef:
The whole set of exemplars of a conventional species or family of signs (e.g. the whole lexicon or vocabulary of a particular language)

Comment:
The whole set of exemplars of a conventional species or family of signs (e.g. the whole lexicon or vocabulary of a particular language)


TermDef:
The scientific discipline concerned with signs and semeiotics

Comment:
The scientific discipline concerned with signs and semeiotics


TermDef:
Pertaining to the meaning of a sign or signs of any type

Comment:
Pertaining to the meaning of a sign or signs of any type


TermDef:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the meaning of signs, either in general, or of some particular ANALYTICAL CATEGORY or CONVENTIONAL CATEGORY

Comment:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the meaning of signs, either in general, or of some particular ANALYTICAL CATEGORY or CONVENTIONAL CATEGORY


TermDef:
(Of the elements and contexts of signs) Bearing a distinctive meaning, especially (of elements) one independent of that of the sign

Comment:
(Of the elements and contexts of signs) Bearing a distinctive meaning, especially (of elements) one independent of that of the sign


TermDef:
(Of the elements and contexts of signs) Lacking a distinctive meaning, and serving a purely structural or decorative function (e.g., the armorial helm before c. 1580, the normal armorial compartment before 1988)

Comment:
(Of the elements and contexts of signs) Lacking a distinctive meaning, and serving a purely structural or decorative function (e.g., the armorial helm before c. 1580, the normal armorial compartment before 1988)


TermDef:
One of several general types of relationship to a referent that signs may represent, especially what we shall call the emblematic (representing particular identity), the insignial (representing general nature and status), and the symbolic (representing other ideas and phenomena)

Comment:
One of several general types of relationship to a referent that signs may represent, especially what we shall call the emblematic (representing particular identity), the insignial (representing general nature and status), and the symbolic (representing other ideas and phenomena)


TermDef:
(Of signs and the elements of signs) Having a set of semantic functions that are fixed in any definable culture and period (e.g., arms, crests, badges, crowns, collars)

Comment:
(Of signs and the elements of signs) Having a set of semantic functions that are fixed in any definable culture and period (e.g., arms, crests, badges, crowns, collars)


TermDef:
(Of signs and the elements of signs) Having a set of semantic functions that are variable in any definable culture and period (e.g., armorial helms, torses, lambrequins, compartments, seen from a general civilizational perspective)

Comment:
(Of signs and the elements of signs) Having a set of semantic functions that are variable in any definable culture and period (e.g., armorial helms, torses, lambrequins, compartments, seen from a general civilizational perspective)


TermDef:
A sign with only a single semantic function, whether emblematic, insignial, or symbolic

Comment:
A sign with only a single semantic function, whether emblematic, insignial, or symbolic


TermDef:
A sign with two distinct semantic functions, the most common combination being emblematic and insignial

Comment:
A sign with two distinct semantic functions, the most common combination being emblematic and insignial


TermDef:
A bifunctional sign with a primarily emblematic and a secondarily insignial function

Comment:
A bifunctional sign with a primarily emblematic and a secondarily insignial function


TermDef:
A bifunctional sign with a primarily insignial and a secondarily emblematic function

Comment:
A bifunctional sign with a primarily insignial and a secondarily emblematic function


TermDef:
A sign performing all three semantic functions

Comment:
A sign performing all three semantic functions


TermDef:
A set of phenomena sharing a definable set of significant characteristics, and often divisible into a hierarchy of ever smaller subtypes (or subcategories, etc.), infratypes, hyptotypes, and so on, sharing ever smaller sets of characteristics. These may be described collectively as subordinate types of the first, second, third, and the nth level, in relationship to the primary (superordinate) type

Comment:
A set of phenomena sharing a definable set of significant characteristics, and often divisible into a hierarchy of ever smaller subtypes (or subcategories, etc.), infratypes, hyptotypes, and so on, sharing ever smaller sets of characteristics. These may be described collectively as subordinate types of the first, second, third, and the nth level, in relationship to the primary (superordinate) type


TermDef:
A category of phenomena (including signs and their contexts) that is established by students of the phenomena in question on the basis of an analysis of a corpus of data, and shares a number of characteristics identified by the student. 
(e.g., signs generally, the category based on function, and the subcategories of emblems, insignia, and symbols)

Comment:
A category of phenomena (including signs and their contexts) that is established by students of the phenomena in question on the basis of an analysis of a corpus of data, and shares a number of characteristics identified by the student. 
(e.g., signs generally, the category based on function, and the subcategories of emblems, insignia, and symbols)


TermDef:
A category of phenomena (including signs and their contexts) that is peculiar to a particular historical culture, and is generally recognized by the members of that culture itself on the basis of common characteristics significant to them, and normally bear a common categorical name or set of names in each division of the culture.

Comment:
A category of phenomena (including signs and their contexts) that is peculiar to a particular historical culture, and is generally recognized by the members of that culture itself on the basis of common characteristics significant to them, and normally bear a common categorical name or set of names in each division of the culture.


TermDef:
A type of sign (emblematic, symbolic, or insignial) at least initially peculiar to a particular historical culture, within which it has a generally recognized form, semeiotic function, and use (all governed by a more or less extensive set of generally recognized conventions), and often has a distinctive name (e.g., the emblematic armorial crest and the  insignial armorial coronet)

Comment:
A type of sign (emblematic, symbolic, or insignial) at least initially peculiar to a particular historical culture, within which it has a generally recognized form, semeiotic function, and use (all governed by a more or less extensive set of generally recognized conventions), and often has a distinctive name (e.g., the emblematic armorial crest and the  insignial armorial coronet)


FRterm:
(une) famille de signes  (culturelle-conventionelle)

TermDef:
A set of signs of two or more species and of one or more functional types, used at least initially in a single historical culture, and composed of types that are linked to one another both through physical association and through submission to some of the same conventions governing their form and use (e.g., the armorial family of signs, composed of emblematic and insignial armories)

Comment:
A set of signs of two or more species and of one or more functional types, used at least initially in a single historical culture, and composed of types that are linked to one another both through physical association and through submission to some of the same conventions governing their form and use (e.g., the armorial family of signs, composed of emblematic and insignial armories)


TermDef:
A set of two or more families of signs related to one another in one or more of the ways defining a family of signs (e.g., the heraldic superfamily of signs)

Comment:
A set of two or more families of signs related to one another in one or more of the ways defining a family of signs (e.g., the heraldic superfamily of signs)


FRterm:
famille de signes (sémantiquement) unifonctionnel

TermDef:
A family of signs, or a subset of such a family, whose constituent species perform a single semantic function, whether EMBLEMATIC, SYMBOLIC, or INSIGNIAL 
(e.g., armorial emblems, armorial insignia)

= iv. (semantically) unifunctional set or family of signs
=  iv. (un) groupe ou (une) famille de signes (sémantiquement) unifonctionnel

Comment:
A family of signs, or a subset of such a family, whose constituent species perform a single semantic function, whether EMBLEMATIC, SYMBOLIC, or INSIGNIAL 
(e.g., armorial emblems, armorial insignia)

= iv. (semantically) unifunctional set or family of signs
=  iv. (un) groupe ou (une) famille de signes (sémantiquement) unifonctionnel


ENterm:
(semantically) bifunctional set or family of si

FRterm:
groupe ou famille de signes bifonctionelle

TermDef:
A family of signs, or a subset of such a family, whose constituent species perform two distinct semantic functions, typically emblematic and insignial

Comment:
A family of signs, or a subset of such a family, whose constituent species perform two distinct semantic functions, typically emblematic and insignial


ENterm:
VISUAL SIGNS, THEIR DESIGNS, AND THEIR ELEMENTS


TermDef:
A visual sign recognized through its form alone, and not through any type of movement; normally composed of visible elements of a definable nature (either in the form of motifs or in the form of colours or both); often endowed with a distinctive name; and normally arranged into an ordered composition

Comment:
A visual sign recognized through its form alone, and not through any type of movement; normally composed of visible elements of a definable nature (either in the form of motifs or in the form of colours or both); often endowed with a distinctive name; and normally arranged into an ordered composition


TermDef:
A sign whose elements cannot be separated without changing its fundamental character or meaning (e.g., a single letter, numeral, or comparable character; a simple emblem like a simple coat of arms, or a simple insigne like a crown)

Comment:
A sign whose elements cannot be separated without changing its fundamental character or meaning (e.g., a single letter, numeral, or comparable character; a simple emblem like a simple coat of arms, or a simple insigne like a crown)


TermDef:
A sign composed of two or more simple signs of the same semantic functional category (e.g., a written word composed of two or more letters, a marshalled coat of arms, an emblematic armorial achievement)

Comment:
A sign composed of two or more simple signs of the same semantic functional category (e.g., a written word composed of two or more letters, a marshalled coat of arms, an emblematic armorial achievement)


TermDef:
A sign composed of two or more signs of at least two distinct semantic functional categories (e.g., an emblem accompanied by crown, an insignial armorial achievement)

Comment:
A sign composed of two or more signs of at least two distinct semantic functional categories (e.g., an emblem accompanied by crown, an insignial armorial achievement)


TermDef:
The whole set of elements of a visual sign of some species, with the specification of their number, arrangement, distinctive characteristics, and relationships

Comment:
The whole set of elements of a visual sign of some species, with the specification of their number, arrangement, distinctive characteristics, and relationships


TermDef:
An ideal form of the design that exists or existed in the mind of the designer, and may be expressed either in an official description or an official exemplification or both

Comment:
An ideal form of the design that exists or existed in the mind of the designer, and may be expressed either in an official description or an official exemplification or both


TermDef:
A particular representation in some visible form of a conceptual design, which may or may not conform to its specifications

Comment:
A particular representation in some visible form of a conceptual design, which may or may not conform to its specifications


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of the or a realization (of a conceptual semeiotic design)

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of the or a realization (of a conceptual semeiotic design)


TermDef:
A motif, pattern, partition, or colour constituting part of the design of a sign, whether in its conceptual or a realized form

Comment:
A motif, pattern, partition, or colour constituting part of the design of a sign, whether in its conceptual or a realized form


TermDef:
A motif, pattern, partition, or colour constituting an inherent or intrinsic element of the conceptual design of a simple sign

Comment:
A motif, pattern, partition, or colour constituting an inherent or intrinsic element of the conceptual design of a simple sign


TermDef:
A motif included in a realization of sign, but constituting an extrinsic (usually decorative) element, rather than an inherent element of the design of the sign

Comment:
A motif included in a realization of sign, but constituting an extrinsic (usually decorative) element, rather than an inherent element of the design of the sign


TermDef:
An element of the design of a compound or complex sign, whether in its conceptual or a realized form, that can be separated from that design in certain circumstances

Comment:
An element of the design of a compound or complex sign, whether in its conceptual or a realized form, that can be separated from that design in certain circumstances


TermDef:
An element of the design of a compound or complex sign, whether in its conceptual or a realized form, that cannot be separated from that design in any normal circumstances

Comment:
An element of the design of a compound or complex sign, whether in its conceptual or a realized form, that cannot be separated from that design in any normal circumstances


TermDef:
An element of the design of a static visual sign, sometimes having the character of an independent sign of a different functional type (e.g., a symbolic sign within an emblematic one), and taking any of four general forms below

Comment:
An element of the design of a static visual sign, sometimes having the character of an independent sign of a different functional type (e.g., a symbolic sign within an emblematic one), and taking any of four general forms below


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a motif

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a motif


TermDef:
A type of motif in the form of a representation of some object, either natural or imaginary, in a naturalistic or a stylized form

Comment:
A type of motif in the form of a representation of some object, either natural or imaginary, in a naturalistic or a stylized form


TermDef:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Bearing a reasonably close resemblance to the natural form of the object

Comment:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Bearing a reasonably close resemblance to the natural form of the object


TermDef:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Represented in a form differing from the natural form of the object as a result of more or less extensive modification in keeping with a particular style

Comment:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Represented in a form differing from the natural form of the object as a result of more or less extensive modification in keeping with a particular style


TermDef:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Modified in keeping with a particular style to a degree that does not seriously reduce the recognizability of the object represented (e.g., armorial lions eagles)

Comment:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Modified in keeping with a particular style to a degree that does not seriously reduce the recognizability of the object represented (e.g., armorial lions eagles)


TermDef:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Modified in keeping with a particular style to a degree that seriously reduces the recognizability of the object represented to anyone unfamiliar with the conventions of the style in question (e.g., armorial ermine-tails, chess-rooks)

Comment:
(Of mimetic figural motifs) Modified in keeping with a particular style to a degree that seriously reduces the recognizability of the object represented to anyone unfamiliar with the conventions of the style in question (e.g., armorial ermine-tails, chess-rooks)


TermDef:
A type of motif in the form of an abstract figure, including standard geometrical forms and others peculiar to the species, not generally intended to represent a natural object

Comment:
A type of motif in the form of an abstract figure, including standard geometrical forms and others peculiar to the species, not generally intended to represent a natural object


TermDef:
A motif composed of one or more letters, characters, words, or phrases in a standard form of script

Comment:
A motif composed of one or more letters, characters, words, or phrases in a standard form of script


TermDef:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a single letter/ character

Comment:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a single letter/ character


TermDef:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a monogram, or set of letters or characters conjoined in a single design

Comment:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a monogram, or set of letters or characters conjoined in a single design


TermDef:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a single word

Comment:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a single word


TermDef:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a phrase or sentence

Comment:
(Of scriptive motifs) Taking the form of a phrase or sentence


TermDef:
A motif in the form of a linear figure resembling a letter or character used for writing a natural language (e.g., a rune)

Comment:
A motif in the form of a linear figure resembling a letter or character used for writing a natural language (e.g., a rune)


TermDef:
A motif composed of one or more numerals of any type

Comment:
A motif composed of one or more numerals of any type


TermDef:
An element of the design of a static visual sign, composed of a relatively large number of representations (usually from 8 to 20) of one or more forms of the same general type of motif (figural, scriptive, etc.), arranged and distributed in a regular manner

Comment:
An element of the design of a static visual sign, composed of a relatively large number of representations (usually from 8 to 20) of one or more forms of the same general type of motif (figural, scriptive, etc.), arranged and distributed in a regular manner


TermDef:
A pattern composed of representations of a single form of motif 
(a particular figure, letter, number, etc.)

Comment:
A pattern composed of representations of a single form of motif 
(a particular figure, letter, number, etc.)


TermDef:
A pattern composed of representations of a two or more particular forms of motif arranged in regular alternation

Comment:
A pattern composed of representations of a two or more particular forms of motif arranged in regular alternation


TermDef:
A pattern composed of a repeated mimetic figural motif

Comment:
A pattern composed of a repeated mimetic figural motif


TermDef:
A pattern composed of a repeated abstract figural motif

Comment:
A pattern composed of a repeated abstract figural motif


TermDef:
A pattern composed of a repeated scriptive motif

Comment:
A pattern composed of a repeated scriptive motif


TermDef:
(Of signs or their motifs) Including or bearing a pattern

Comment:
(Of signs or their motifs) Including or bearing a pattern


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a pattern or patterns

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a pattern or patterns


TermDef:
An element of the design of a static visual sign created by the division either of its field or of one of its motifs into two or more identical parts, separated by lines of partition whose angle, direction, number, & outline are specified in the design

Comment:
An element of the design of a static visual sign created by the division either of its field or of one of its motifs into two or more identical parts, separated by lines of partition whose angle, direction, number, & outline are specified in the design


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a partition or partitions

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a partition or partitions


TermDef:
(Of partitions) Bounded by straight lines of partition

Comment:
(Of partitions) Bounded by straight lines of partition


TermDef:
(Of partitions) Bounded by simply curved lines of partition

Comment:
(Of partitions) Bounded by simply curved lines of partition


TermDef:
(Of partitions) Bounded by lines of partition marked by a regular series of indentations of some standard form

Comment:
(Of partitions) Bounded by lines of partition marked by a regular series of indentations of some standard form


TermDef:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided by one line into two partitions

Comment:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided by one line into two partitions


TermDef:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided by 2 or 3 lines into 3 partitions

Comment:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided by 2 or 3 lines into 3 partitions


TermDef:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided into four partitions

Comment:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided into four partitions


TermDef:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided into three or more partitions

Comment:
(Of semeiotic designs) Divided into three or more partitions


TermDef:
A pattern composed of eight or more identical partitions, created either by a single set of parallel lines of partition, or by two or three sets of lines set at more or less acute angles to one another

Comment:
A pattern composed of eight or more identical partitions, created either by a single set of parallel lines of partition, or by two or three sets of lines set at more or less acute angles to one another


ENterm:
SEMEIOTIC DESIGNS CLASSIFIED BY THEIR  FORMAL ELEMENTS


TermDef:
A semeiotic design identified on the basis of the type or types of semantically significant element included in its conceptual form. It may be classified as either purely uni-elemental, partly uni-elemental, or multi-elemental

Comment:
A semeiotic design identified on the basis of the type or types of semantically significant element included in its conceptual form. It may be classified as either purely uni-elemental, partly uni-elemental, or multi-elemental


TermDef:
A semeiotic design involving only one semantically significant type of element: one or more colours, figures, partitions, or the like.

Comment:
A semeiotic design involving only one semantically significant type of element: one or more colours, figures, partitions, or the like.


TermDef:
A semeiotic design involving two or more semantically significant types of element, classified on the basis of only one of those types of element

Comment:
A semeiotic design involving two or more semantically significant types of element, classified on the basis of only one of those types of element


FRterm:
dessein (purement ou en partie) chromatique

TermDef:
A semeiotic design in which at least one of the semantically significant elements is set of one or more colours, capable of being arranged in any of a number of manners. It may be described as monochromatic, dichromatic, trichromatic, or polychromatic (if two or more)

Comment:
A semeiotic design in which at least one of the semantically significant elements is set of one or more colours, capable of being arranged in any of a number of manners. It may be described as monochromatic, dichromatic, trichromatic, or polychromatic (if two or more)


TermDef:
A design in which none of the elements is conceived of as having a distinctive and semantically significant colour or set of colours (e.g., seal-designs, coin-designs, etc.)

Comment:
A design in which none of the elements is conceived of as having a distinctive and semantically significant colour or set of colours (e.g., seal-designs, coin-designs, etc.)


TermDef:
A design in which may be either conceptually chromatic or achromatic, but when represented includes no colour other than those of the materials in which it is realized  (e.g., signs reproduced in monochromatic and dichromatic media by carving, engraving, impressing, or printing)

Comment:
A design in which may be either conceptually chromatic or achromatic, but when represented includes no colour other than those of the materials in which it is realized  (e.g., signs reproduced in monochromatic and dichromatic media by carving, engraving, impressing, or printing)


FRterm:
dessein (purement ou en partie)  figuratif

TermDef:
A design in which at least one of the semantically-significant elements is a set of one or more figural motifs. It may be described as unifigual, bifigural, trifigural, or multifigural (if two or more)

Comment:
A design in which at least one of the semantically-significant elements is a set of one or more figural motifs. It may be described as unifigual, bifigural, trifigural, or multifigural (if two or more)


TermDef:
A design in which at least one of the semantically-significant elements is a set of one or more motifs of a partitional, patterned, scriptive, quasi-scriptive, or numerical type

Comment:
A design in which at least one of the semantically-significant elements is a set of one or more motifs of a partitional, patterned, scriptive, quasi-scriptive, or numerical type


TermDef:
A design intrinsically (and at least conceptually) 
including two or more (but not all) types of semantically-significant design-element

Comment:
A design intrinsically (and at least conceptually) 
including two or more (but not all) types of semantically-significant design-element


TermDef:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of figures and colours (e.g., the design of many armorial emblems)

Comment:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of figures and colours (e.g., the design of many armorial emblems)


TermDef:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of scriptive signs and colours (e.g., the design of many Islamic and some Christian flags)

Comment:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of scriptive signs and colours (e.g., the design of many Islamic and some Christian flags)


TermDef:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of scriptive signs and figures (e.g., the design of most coins, seals, and medals)

Comment:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of scriptive signs and figures (e.g., the design of most coins, seals, and medals)


TermDef:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of scriptive signs, figures, and colours (e.g., the design of many livery-flags and achievements)

Comment:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of scriptive signs, figures, and colours (e.g., the design of many livery-flags and achievements)


TermDef:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of partitions and their colours (e.g., the design of many modern tricolour and bicolour flags)

Comment:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of partitions and their colours (e.g., the design of many modern tricolour and bicolour flags)


TermDef:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of partitions, figures, and colours (e.g., the design of many coats of arms and modern flags)

Comment:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of partitions, figures, and colours (e.g., the design of many coats of arms and modern flags)


TermDef:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of partitions, scriptive signs, and colours (e.g., the design of some modern flags)

Comment:
A design in which the only semantically significant elements are sets of partitions, scriptive signs, and colours (e.g., the design of some modern flags)


TermDef:
A design in which the semantically significant elements include one or more of all of the possible types

Comment:
A design in which the semantically significant elements include one or more of all of the possible types


TermDef:
MULTIFIGURAL DESIGNS CLASSIFIED BY THE FORM OF THEIR PRESENTATION

Comment:
MULTIFIGURAL DESIGNS CLASSIFIED BY THE FORM OF THEIR PRESENTATION


TermDef:
A multifigural design in which the figures are depicted without any consideration of their relative size in nature, are set in a two-dimensional space, and appear to hover over or around one another in unlikely geometrical arrangements that are unaffected by the laws either of gravity or of perspective 
(e.g., the designs of many seals, coins, and medals, and of most coats of arms and figural flags)

Comment:
A multifigural design in which the figures are depicted without any consideration of their relative size in nature, are set in a two-dimensional space, and appear to hover over or around one another in unlikely geometrical arrangements that are unaffected by the laws either of gravity or of perspective 
(e.g., the designs of many seals, coins, and medals, and of most coats of arms and figural flags)


TermDef:
A multifigural design in which the relationships among the figures are essentially natural, so that animate figures appear to see and engage in natural activities with one another, and both animate and inanimate figures are represented as they would be in a naturalistic painting, engraving, or relief

Comment:
A multifigural design in which the relationships among the figures are essentially natural, so that animate figures appear to see and engage in natural activities with one another, and both animate and inanimate figures are represented as they would be in a naturalistic painting, engraving, or relief


FRterm:
dessein scénique simple (fondé ou non-fondé, animé ou inanimé)

TermDef:
A design including two or more figures, animate or inanimate or both, removed from any natural background, but sometimes on a mound or platform (a founded scenic design), or within an architectural frame of some sort. Scenes with animate figures may be described as animate, those without as inanimate (e.g., the designs of many seals, coins, medals, and emblemata, of some coats of arms, crests, and badges, and of all armorial achievements)

Comment:
A design including two or more figures, animate or inanimate or both, removed from any natural background, but sometimes on a mound or platform (a founded scenic design), or within an architectural frame of some sort. Scenes with animate figures may be described as animate, those without as inanimate (e.g., the designs of many seals, coins, medals, and emblemata, of some coats of arms, crests, and badges, and of all armorial achievements)


TermDef:
A design dominated by two or more figures, animate or inanimate or both, set against a naturalistic background of some sort: most commonly an architectural frame. Scenes with animate figures may be described as animate, those without as inanimate (e.g., the designs of some seals, coins, and medals, many emblemata, many sigilloid emblems)

Comment:
A design dominated by two or more figures, animate or inanimate or both, set against a naturalistic background of some sort: most commonly an architectural frame. Scenes with animate figures may be described as animate, those without as inanimate (e.g., the designs of some seals, coins, and medals, many emblemata, many sigilloid emblems)


TermDef:
A design including two or more animate figures set on a small scale within or as part of a natural landscape that dominates the design. Scenes including human figures may be described as inhabited, those without as uninhabited (e.g., the designs of some seals and sigilloid emblems, some coats of arms)

Comment:
A design including two or more animate figures set on a small scale within or as part of a natural landscape that dominates the design. Scenes including human figures may be described as inhabited, those without as uninhabited (e.g., the designs of some seals and sigilloid emblems, some coats of arms)


TermDef:
A sign realized in the form of three-dimensional object like an actual sword, sceptre, crown, hat, canopy, throne, or flag, which can be worn, borne, sat upon or under, or otherwise used like other objects of the same form that have no semeiotic function

Comment:
A sign realized in the form of three-dimensional object like an actual sword, sceptre, crown, hat, canopy, throne, or flag, which can be worn, borne, sat upon or under, or otherwise used like other objects of the same form that have no semeiotic function


TermDef:
A sign realized in the form of a representation of a usable sign, taking any of the several types of form listed below

Comment:
A sign realized in the form of a representation of a usable sign, taking any of the several types of form listed below


TermDef:
A mimetic sign realized in a fully three-dimensional form, created by carving, casting, molding, or the like

Comment:
A mimetic sign realized in a fully three-dimensional form, created by carving, casting, molding, or the like


TermDef:
A mimetic sign realized in a normally flat, nearly-two dimensional form, created by casting, carving, engraving, etc.

Comment:
A mimetic sign realized in a normally flat, nearly-two dimensional form, created by casting, carving, engraving, etc.


TermDef:
A mimetic sign realized in a conceptually two-dimensional form, created by drawing, painting, engraving, weaving, etc.

Comment:
A mimetic sign realized in a conceptually two-dimensional form, created by drawing, painting, engraving, weaving, etc.


TermDef:
A representation of a usable sign in either a glyptic or graphic manner

Comment:
A representation of a usable sign in either a glyptic or graphic manner


TermDef:
A sign of the same range of forms as its mimetic equivalent, but representing an imaginary rather than a real object
(e.g., many types of armorial insigne, and most modern armorial emblems of all species)

Comment:
A sign of the same range of forms as its mimetic equivalent, but representing an imaginary rather than a real object
(e.g., many types of armorial insigne, and most modern armorial emblems of all species)


TermDef:
III. Terms Related to the Contexts of Signs and the Relationships of Signs to Contexts

Comment:
III. Terms Related to the Contexts of Signs and the Relationships of Signs to Contexts


ENterm:
SEMEIOTICALLY SIGNIFICANT SITUATIONS & CONTEXTS


TermDef:
The social settings in which signs of particular types are regularly displayed in one or more types of physical context (e.g., battles, games, processions, and assemblies)

Comment:
The social settings in which signs of particular types are regularly displayed in one or more types of physical context (e.g., battles, games, processions, and assemblies)


TermDef:
The physical settings in or on which signs of particular species are regularly set, and which determined to some extent their forms; formally classifiable into usable and mimetic types, and into plastic, glyptic, graphic, and iconic types

Comment:
The physical settings in or on which signs of particular species are regularly set, and which determined to some extent their forms; formally classifiable into usable and mimetic types, and into plastic, glyptic, graphic, and iconic types


TermDef:
A context whose form and use largely or wholly determines, if only by convention, the types of sign or signs set in or on it, and often requires the use of a particular species of unicontextual sign

Comment:
A context whose form and use largely or wholly determines, if only by convention, the types of sign or signs set in or on it, and often requires the use of a particular species of unicontextual sign


TermDef:
A context whose form and use permit, at least by convention, a variety of different species of multicontextual signs to be set upon it

Comment:
A context whose form and use permit, at least by convention, a variety of different species of multicontextual signs to be set upon it


TermDef:
A form of context large enough to permit the sign or signs it bears to be recognized easily and quickly at a distance of more than a few yards or metres (a staff, flag, shield, coat, trapper, sail, etc.)

Comment:
A form of context large enough to permit the sign or signs it bears to be recognized easily and quickly at a distance of more than a few yards or metres (a staff, flag, shield, coat, trapper, sail, etc.)


TermDef:
A form of context too small to bear a sign visible at a distance of more than a metre, and therefore permitting and encouraging complex forms of semeiotic design  (a seal, coin, medal, etc.)

Comment:
A form of context too small to bear a sign visible at a distance of more than a metre, and therefore permitting and encouraging complex forms of semeiotic design  (a seal, coin, medal, etc.)


TermDef:
The type of context, if any, in which a sign (especially and emblem) is primarily displayed (e.g., the shield for the coat of arms)

Comment:
The type of context, if any, in which a sign (especially and emblem) is primarily displayed (e.g., the shield for the coat of arms)


TermDef:
Any of several contexts other than the primary one in which a sign (especially an emblem) is habitually displayed

Comment:
Any of several contexts other than the primary one in which a sign (especially an emblem) is habitually displayed


TermDef:
A form of context with only a single semeiotically significant surface or face (e.g., a shield, stele, chimney-piece, or window)

Comment:
A form of context with only a single semeiotically significant surface or face (e.g., a shield, stele, chimney-piece, or window)


TermDef:
A form of context with two semeiotically significant surfaces or faces (e.g., a flag, seal, coin, or medal)

Comment:
A form of context with two semeiotically significant surfaces or faces (e.g., a flag, seal, coin, or medal)


TermDef:
A semantically neutral type of context functioning as a mere background on or against which is set a sign or set of signs of any type or form, and which is only partially covered by the sign(s) in question (e.g., a wall, window, tomb, coat, or any domestic object on which an iconic shield of arms is set) The sign(s) in question may be described as backgrounded.

Comment:
A semantically neutral type of context functioning as a mere background on or against which is set a sign or set of signs of any type or form, and which is only partially covered by the sign(s) in question (e.g., a wall, window, tomb, coat, or any domestic object on which an iconic shield of arms is set) The sign(s) in question may be described as backgrounded.


TermDef:
A semantically neutral semeiotic context whose surface is entirely covered by the design of a FIELDED sign (normally an emblem), which itself may be described as overlying or as an overlier in relation to the underlier (e.g., a shield, flag, or surcoat, usable or mimetic, bearing arms; a flag bearing any flag-design)

Comment:
A semantically neutral semeiotic context whose surface is entirely covered by the design of a FIELDED sign (normally an emblem), which itself may be described as overlying or as an overlier in relation to the underlier (e.g., a shield, flag, or surcoat, usable or mimetic, bearing arms; a flag bearing any flag-design)


TermDef:
A semeiotic context in the form of a semeiotic design of one species whose boundary surrounds one or more signs of another species or set of species (e.g., a seal-matrix or coin including a mimetic form of shield of arms; a para-armorial flag including badges or mottoes). The latter signs may be described as contained.

Comment:
A semeiotic context in the form of a semeiotic design of one species whose boundary surrounds one or more signs of another species or set of species (e.g., a seal-matrix or coin including a mimetic form of shield of arms; a para-armorial flag including badges or mottoes). The latter signs may be described as contained.


TermDef:
A semeiotic context in the form of a staff, helmet, or comparable object used to hold up a conceptually three-dimensional sign (like a crown, crest, or flag,), which is attached to the upholder at its base alone.  The sign may be described as upheld by the upholding object

Comment:
A semeiotic context in the form of a staff, helmet, or comparable object used to hold up a conceptually three-dimensional sign (like a crown, crest, or flag,), which is attached to the upholder at its base alone.  The sign may be described as upheld by the upholding object


ENterm:
SIGNS CLASSIFIED BY THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO  THE CONTEXTS

TermDef:
SIGNS CLASSIFIED BY THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO  THE CONTEXTS  IN WHICH THEY CAN BE SET

Comment:
SIGNS CLASSIFIED BY THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO  THE CONTEXTS  IN WHICH THEY CAN BE SET


TermDef:
Categories of signs defined on the basis of the number of different forms of context in which they can be used

Comment:
Categories of signs defined on the basis of the number of different forms of context in which they can be used


TermDef:
(Of signs) borne or displayed in only one type of context
(e.g., most non-armorial seal-designs, coin-designs, medallic designs, flag-designs, and shield-designs)

Comment:
(Of signs) borne or displayed in only one type of context
(e.g., most non-armorial seal-designs, coin-designs, medallic designs, flag-designs, and shield-designs)


TermDef:
(Of signs) borne or displayed in several types of context
(e.g., Mamluk rank, Japanese mon, most modern flag-designs)

Comment:
(Of signs) borne or displayed in several types of context
(e.g., Mamluk rank, Japanese mon, most modern flag-designs)


TermDef:
(Of signs) borne or displayed in all types of context (e.g. most heraldic emblems and insignia)

Comment:
(Of signs) borne or displayed in all types of context (e.g. most heraldic emblems and insignia)


TermDef:
(Of signs) Borne in a primary context contained within a secondary context (e.g., a mimetic shield of arms set on a seal or coin)

Comment:
(Of signs) Borne in a primary context contained within a secondary context (e.g., a mimetic shield of arms set on a seal or coin)


TermDef:
(Of duplo-contextual signs) Borne in a tertiary context 
(e.g., a representation of a coat of arms, set on a representation of a seal, itself set on a flag)

Comment:
(Of duplo-contextual signs) Borne in a tertiary context 
(e.g., a representation of a coat of arms, set on a representation of a seal, itself set on a flag)


TermDef:
Contextual types of sign defined on the basis of the general nature of the contexts for which they are designed

Comment:
Contextual types of sign defined on the basis of the general nature of the contexts for which they are designed


TermDef:
Designed to be used primarily in a display context (types a-k)

Comment:
Designed to be used primarily in a display context (types a-k)


TermDef:
Designed to be used primarily in an intimate context (e.g. l-s)

Comment:
Designed to be used primarily in an intimate context (e.g. l-s)


TermDef:
Categories of signs defined on the basis of the particular form of semeiotically significant context in which they can be used

Comment:
Categories of signs defined on the basis of the particular form of semeiotically significant context in which they can be used


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a staff or pole;
(Of signs) borne directly on a staff or pole

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a staff or pole;
(Of signs) borne directly on a staff or pole


TermDef:
(Of unicontextual signs) borne exclusively in a contal manner

Comment:
(Of unicontextual signs) borne exclusively in a contal manner


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a flag;
(Of signs) borne on a flag of some sort

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a flag;
(Of signs) borne on a flag of some sort


TermDef:
(Of unicontextual signs) borne exclusively on flags

Comment:
(Of unicontextual signs) borne exclusively on flags


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a shield;
(Of signs) borne on a shield

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a shield;
(Of signs) borne on a shield


TermDef:
(Of unicontextual signs) borne exclusively on shields

Comment:
(Of unicontextual signs) borne exclusively on shields


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of clothing;
(Of signs) borne on an item of clothing

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of clothing;
(Of signs) borne on an item of clothing


TermDef:
(Of signs) borne exclusively on clothing

Comment:
(Of signs) borne exclusively on clothing


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a helmet;
(Of signs) borne on the outer surface of a helmet

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a helmet;
(Of signs) borne on the outer surface of a helmet


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a seal;
(Of signs) borne on the outer surface of a seal

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a seal;
(Of signs) borne on the outer surface of a seal


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a coin;
(Of signs) borne on coins

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a coin;
(Of signs) borne on coins


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a medal;
(Of signs) borne on medals

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a medal;
(Of signs) borne on medals


TermDef:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a page;

Comment:
(General) Pertaining to or having the nature of a page;


TermDef:
(Of signs) borne exclusively on pages of papyrus, parchment, or paper

Comment:
(Of signs) borne exclusively on pages of papyrus, parchment, or paper


TermDef:
A boundary of a sign of any type, whether outer or inner, and whether contextual or non-contextual

Comment:
A boundary of a sign of any type, whether outer or inner, and whether contextual or non-contextual


TermDef:
The outer boundary or outline of the design of a sign of any type, which may be either contextual or non-contextual

Comment:
The outer boundary or outline of the design of a sign of any type, which may be either contextual or non-contextual


TermDef:
The outline of a FREESTANDING sign, which follows that of the motif or motifs of which it is formed, and not that of any sort of context

Comment:
The outline of a FREESTANDING sign, which follows that of the motif or motifs of which it is formed, and not that of any sort of context


TermDef:
The outer boundary of an overlying sign, coinciding with that of an underlying context, whether usable or mimetic

Comment:
The outer boundary of an overlying sign, coinciding with that of an underlying context, whether usable or mimetic


TermDef:
An iconic representation of the outer margin of an underlying context used to define the margin of an iconic realization of a conceptually overlying sign that is in reality contained by the delimitator (e.g., the iconic outline of a shield surrounding and defining the field of a coat of arms)

Comment:
An iconic representation of the outer margin of an underlying context used to define the margin of an iconic realization of a conceptually overlying sign that is in reality contained by the delimitator (e.g., the iconic outline of a shield surrounding and defining the field of a coat of arms)


TermDef:
The inner boundary of an intrinsic semeiotic frame, which is also the outer boundary of the field of an intrinsically framed sign

Comment:
The inner boundary of an intrinsic semeiotic frame, which is also the outer boundary of the field of an intrinsically framed sign


TermDef:
A motif entirely surrounding the design of a sign (normally an emblem), conforming to its outer limit, and (when intrinsic) establishing its inner limit.

Comment:
A motif entirely surrounding the design of a sign (normally an emblem), conforming to its outer limit, and (when intrinsic) establishing its inner limit.


TermDef:
A semeiotic frame that is not an inherent element of the design of the sign, and normally performs a purely decorative function

Comment:
A semeiotic frame that is not an inherent element of the design of the sign, and normally performs a purely decorative function


TermDef:
A frame that constitutes an inherent element of the design of the sign.  Intrinsic frames may themselves be either decorative and semantically neutral or semantically functional. The latter (typical of seals) normally take the form of an annular band.

Comment:
A frame that constitutes an inherent element of the design of the sign.  Intrinsic frames may themselves be either decorative and semantically neutral or semantically functional. The latter (typical of seals) normally take the form of an annular band.


TermDef:
A sign, normally FIELDED, surrounded by a frame, whether intrinsic or extrinsic.

Comment:
A sign, normally FIELDED, surrounded by a frame, whether intrinsic or extrinsic.


TermDef:
A sign whose design includes a frame of some type

Comment:
A sign whose design includes a frame of some type


TermDef:
A sign whose design does not include a frame of any type, but may in fact be represented with an extrinsic, decorative frame

Comment:
A sign whose design does not include a frame of any type, but may in fact be represented with an extrinsic, decorative frame


TermDef:
A conceptually frameless sign that is not represented with an extrinsic, decorative frame

Comment:
A conceptually frameless sign that is not represented with an extrinsic, decorative frame


TermDef:
An intrinsic element of the design of FIELDED signs, consisting of an area either defined by a contextual outer limit (in the case of CONCEPTUALLY FRAMELESS designs like those of arms and flags) or, in the case of such CONCEPTUALLY FRAMED signs as seals and emblemata, defined by the inner limit of the frame

Comment:
An intrinsic element of the design of FIELDED signs, consisting of an area either defined by a contextual outer limit (in the case of CONCEPTUALLY FRAMELESS designs like those of arms and flags) or, in the case of such CONCEPTUALLY FRAMED signs as seals and emblemata, defined by the inner limit of the frame


TermDef:
An semeiotic field with an outer margin or delimitator 
of a single, inherently fixed shape (i.e., the field of a coin or seal)

Comment:
An semeiotic field with an outer margin or delimitator 
of a single, inherently fixed shape (i.e., the field of a coin or seal)


TermDef:
An intrinsic semeiotic field with an outer margin or delimitator 
that conforms to the shape of any underlying context
 (i.e., the field of a coat of arms or hybrid-heraldic flag-design)

Comment:
An intrinsic semeiotic field with an outer margin or delimitator 
that conforms to the shape of any underlying context
 (i.e., the field of a coat of arms or hybrid-heraldic flag-design)


TermDef:
A sign whose design either consists of or includes a field

Comment:
A sign whose design either consists of or includes a field


TermDef:
A sign whose field has no semantic significance (and therefore no assigned colour or pattern), and merely serves as an internal background for figural and (or) scriptive motifs (e.g., that of a coin)

Comment:
A sign whose field has no semantic significance (and therefore no assigned colour or pattern), and merely serves as an internal background for figural and (or) scriptive motifs (e.g., that of a coin)


TermDef:
A fielded sign whose field has the same kind and degree of semantic significance as any motifs that may be set on it, and may indeed constitute the whole design of the sign (e.g., that of a coat of arms)

Comment:
A fielded sign whose field has the same kind and degree of semantic significance as any motifs that may be set on it, and may indeed constitute the whole design of the sign (e.g., that of a coat of arms)


TermDef:
A sign whose design consists of a motif or set of motifs conceptually independent of any field, that may be employed either upheld by three-dimensional objects like staves, spears, or helmets (like contal emblems and armorial crests), or against a neutral background  (like para-armorial badges and mottoes and runoid marks)

Comment:
A sign whose design consists of a motif or set of motifs conceptually independent of any field, that may be employed either upheld by three-dimensional objects like staves, spears, or helmets (like contal emblems and armorial crests), or against a neutral background  (like para-armorial badges and mottoes and runoid marks)


TermDef:
A freestanding sign surrounded by a frame, either intrinsic or extrinsic, separated from the central motif in the former case, or from the sign proper in the latter by a voided field, which in usable realizations is left empty (e.g., some ancient contolate emblems)

Comment:
A freestanding sign surrounded by a frame, either intrinsic or extrinsic, separated from the central motif in the former case, or from the sign proper in the latter by a voided field, which in usable realizations is left empty (e.g., some ancient contolate emblems)


TermDef:
A freestanding sign lacking any form of frame (e.g., armorial crests, most para-armorial and armorial badges, armorial supporters and achievements in their usual mode of rep.)

Comment:
A freestanding sign lacking any form of frame (e.g., armorial crests, most para-armorial and armorial badges, armorial supporters and achievements in their usual mode of rep.)


ENterm:
Terms Related to the Semantic Functions of Signs &c

TermDef:
Terms Related to the Semantic Functions of (Static Visible) Signs and of Types of such Signs based on Semantic Function: Emblems, Insignia, and Symbols

Comment:
Terms Related to the Semantic Functions of (Static Visible) Signs and of Types of such Signs based on Semantic Function: Emblems, Insignia, and Symbols


ENterm:
EMBLEMS, THEIR USERS, THEIR USE, AND THEIR STUDY


TermDef:
A sign representing the particular identity of the referent (or emblematiger)

Comment:
A sign representing the particular identity of the referent (or emblematiger)


TermDef:
An emblem whose precise form is in principle unique to its emblematiger, at least within a particular jurisdiction

Comment:
An emblem whose precise form is in principle unique to its emblematiger, at least within a particular jurisdiction


TermDef:
An emblem whose precise form may in principle be shared by one or more emblematigers, who may or may not be connected

Comment:
An emblem whose precise form may in principle be shared by one or more emblematigers, who may or may not be connected


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of an emblem

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of an emblem


TermDef:
(Of motifs, symbols, insignia, and the like) Included within the design of an emblem

Comment:
(Of motifs, symbols, insignia, and the like) Included within the design of an emblem


TermDef:
(Of motifs, symbols, insignia, and the like) Associated with but not included within the design of an emblem

Comment:
(Of motifs, symbols, insignia, and the like) Associated with but not included within the design of an emblem


TermDef:
To represent the particular identity of a referent in the manner of an emblem

Comment:
To represent the particular identity of a referent in the manner of an emblem


TermDef:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the design and use of emblems, either in general or of a particular category, species, or family

Comment:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the design and use of emblems, either in general or of a particular category, species, or family


TermDef:
The scientific discipline concerned with emblematics

Comment:
The scientific discipline concerned with emblematics


TermDef:
A practitioner of emblematology, or student of emblematics

Comment:
A practitioner of emblematology, or student of emblematics


TermDef:
A person or entity represented by an emblem of any species. Emblematigers (a class including armigers) can be classified on the basis of their particular nature into two general types (personal and impersonal), each of which can be divided into several subtypes.

Comment:
A person or entity represented by an emblem of any species. Emblematigers (a class including armigers) can be classified on the basis of their particular nature into two general types (personal and impersonal), each of which can be divided into several subtypes.


TermDef:
An emblematiger in the form of a single person or set of  persons related by real or fictive descent or affinity

Comment:
An emblematiger in the form of a single person or set of  persons related by real or fictive descent or affinity


TermDef:
A single person represented by an individual emblem whose particular form is distinctive of his or her own identity (i.e., the members of dynastic patrilineages)

Comment:
A single person represented by an individual emblem whose particular form is distinctive of his or her own identity (i.e., the members of dynastic patrilineages)


TermDef:
A set of persons constituting a real or fictive kindred, collectively represented by a single gentile emblem

Comment:
A set of persons constituting a real or fictive kindred, collectively represented by a single gentile emblem


TermDef:
A single person who employs, in the manner of an individual emblematiger, the emblem of his real or fictive kindred
(e.g., the members of consorterial patrilineages)

Comment:
A single person who employs, in the manner of an individual emblematiger, the emblem of his real or fictive kindred
(e.g., the members of consorterial patrilineages)


TermDef:
A legal entity in the form of an association, corporation, office, or jurisdiction, not in principle based on kinship

Comment:
A legal entity in the form of an association, corporation, office, or jurisdiction, not in principle based on kinship


TermDef:
A set of persons legally united in a association of some sort, which itself is represented by a associational emblem

Comment:
A set of persons legally united in a association of some sort, which itself is represented by a associational emblem


TermDef:
A single person who employs, in the manner of an individual emblematiger, the emblem of a corporate
(e.g., heads the members of consorterial patrilineages)

Comment:
A single person who employs, in the manner of an individual emblematiger, the emblem of a corporate
(e.g., heads the members of consorterial patrilineages)


TermDef:
A set of persons legally united in a corporate body of some sort, which itself is represented by a corporate emblem

Comment:
A set of persons legally united in a corporate body of some sort, which itself is represented by a corporate emblem


TermDef:
A single office represented by a distinctive official emblem, displaye emblem

Comment:
A single office represented by a distinctive official emblem, displaye emblem


TermDef:
A territorial jurisdiction of some type, represented by a distinctive jurisdictional emblem, principally used by its lord, or chief governor, or governing council

Comment:
A territorial jurisdiction of some type, represented by a distinctive jurisdictional emblem, principally used by its lord, or chief governor, or governing council


TermDef:
Having the character of an emblematiger of any type

Comment:
Having the character of an emblematiger of any type


TermDef:
A distinct body or corps of emblematigers

Comment:
A distinct body or corps of emblematigers


TermDef:
The possession and use of an emblem or emblems by the emblematiger, whether de jure or de facto, actively / passively, and directly or indirectly or both

Comment:
The possession and use of an emblem or emblems by the emblematiger, whether de jure or de facto, actively / passively, and directly or indirectly or both


TermDef:
The mere possession or ownership of emblem(s), as opposed to their active use

Comment:
The mere possession or ownership of emblem(s), as opposed to their active use


TermDef:
The active use of emblem(s) owned or possessed, as opposed to the purely passive ownership or possession of it (or them)

Comment:
The active use of emblem(s) owned or possessed, as opposed to the purely passive ownership or possession of it (or them)


TermDef:
The use by an emblematiger him-, her-, or itself of his, 
her, or its emblems, as opposed to their use by others

Comment:
The use by an emblematiger him-, her-, or itself of his, 
her, or its emblems, as opposed to their use by others


TermDef:
The use (in contrast to the mere bearing) of the emblem(s) of an emblematiger by other persons — set on seals, flags, and other contexts normally indicative of the presence or authority of the emblematiger — especially by the officers of an emblematiger, or by the members of a corporate emblematiger

Comment:
The use (in contrast to the mere bearing) of the emblem(s) of an emblematiger by other persons — set on seals, flags, and other contexts normally indicative of the presence or authority of the emblematiger — especially by the officers of an emblematiger, or by the members of a corporate emblematiger


TermDef:
A person or object physically bearing in some manner one or more emblems

Comment:
A person or object physically bearing in some manner one or more emblems


TermDef:
(Of persons or objects) Bearing or wearing one or more emblems

Comment:
(Of persons or objects) Bearing or wearing one or more emblems


TermDef:
(Of emblematigers) Bearing one’s own emblem on a vestment, shield, flag, seal-ring, or the like

Comment:
(Of emblematigers) Bearing one’s own emblem on a vestment, shield, flag, seal-ring, or the like


TermDef:
(Of persons) Bearing the emblem of another emblematiger on a vestment, shield, flag, or the like

Comment:
(Of persons) Bearing the emblem of another emblematiger on a vestment, shield, flag, or the like


TermDef:
(Of objects) Bearing one representation of a single emblem or set of emblems on its surface, but not wholly covering that surface

Comment:
(Of objects) Bearing one representation of a single emblem or set of emblems on its surface, but not wholly covering that surface


TermDef:
(Of objects) Bearing numerous representations of an one or more emblems on its surface

Comment:
(Of objects) Bearing numerous representations of an one or more emblems on its surface


TermDef:
(Of objects) Covered entirely with the design a single emblem, in the manner of a flag or shield of arms

Comment:
(Of objects) Covered entirely with the design a single emblem, in the manner of a flag or shield of arms


TermDef:
Types of emblem classified by intended longevity of the emblem when adopted

Comment:
Types of emblem classified by intended longevity of the emblem when adopted


TermDef:
Emblems adopted for use for the duration of a single event like a battle, a tournament, or some similar event lasting for between about a day and about a week 
(e.g., para-armorial badges, mottoes, and devices adopted for use during a tournament or similar festival)

Comment:
Emblems adopted for use for the duration of a single event like a battle, a tournament, or some similar event lasting for between about a day and about a week 
(e.g., para-armorial badges, mottoes, and devices adopted for use during a tournament or similar festival)


TermDef:
Emblems adopted for a longer but still limited period, ranging from the duration of a campaign (a few weeks or months) through a calendar year, or even several years (again principally para-armorial badges, mottoes, and devices)

Comment:
Emblems adopted for a longer but still limited period, ranging from the duration of a campaign (a few weeks or months) through a calendar year, or even several years (again principally para-armorial badges, mottoes, and devices)


TermDef:
Periodic emblems adopted for a fixed period, such as a year

Comment:
Periodic emblems adopted for a fixed period, such as a year


TermDef:
Periodic emblems adopted for an unfixed period, such as the length of a campaign

Comment:
Periodic emblems adopted for an unfixed period, such as the length of a campaign


TermDef:
Emblems adopted for a long but indefinite period of time, normally between about a decade and a century, subject to revision or replacement at the will of the emblematiger 
(the most common temporal type, including seal-designs, flag-designs, house-marks, trademarks, and the like)

Comment:
Emblems adopted for a long but indefinite period of time, normally between about a decade and a century, subject to revision or replacement at the will of the emblematiger 
(the most common temporal type, including seal-designs, flag-designs, house-marks, trademarks, and the like)


TermDef:
Emblems adopted in principle forever, and often lasting for many centuries with little or no modification (e.g., armorial emblems of all species)

Comment:
Emblems adopted in principle forever, and often lasting for many centuries with little or no modification (e.g., armorial emblems of all species)


TermDef:
Types of emblem based on the nature and accuracy of their attribution in an armorial, account, or the like

Comment:
Types of emblem based on the nature and accuracy of their attribution in an armorial, account, or the like


TermDef:
Emblems actually in current use by the emblematiger

Comment:
Emblems actually in current use by the emblematiger


TermDef:
Emblems used by an ancestor or predecessor of the emblematiger, and possibly by him or her, but now abandoned

Comment:
Emblems used by an ancestor or predecessor of the emblematiger, and possibly by him or her, but now abandoned


TermDef:
Emblems never actually used by the emblematiger or any of his or her ancestors or predecessors, but attributed to him or them by a herald or the compiler of an armorial or the like

Comment:
Emblems never actually used by the emblematiger or any of his or her ancestors or predecessors, but attributed to him or them by a herald or the compiler of an armorial or the like


TermDef:
Emblems attributed to historical (and usually pre-armorial personages) on the theory that they must have been armigerous

Comment:
Emblems attributed to historical (and usually pre-armorial personages) on the theory that they must have been armigerous


TermDef:
Emblems wrongly attributed through simple ignorance

Comment:
Emblems wrongly attributed through simple ignorance


TermDef:
A sign representing a generic nature, status, or rank, normally shared by a number of referents, and often by a large number (e.g., a crown, sceptre, baton, or collar)

Comment:
A sign representing a generic nature, status, or rank, normally shared by a number of referents, and often by a large number (e.g., a crown, sceptre, baton, or collar)


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of an insigne or insignia

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of an insigne or insignia


TermDef:
To represent in the manner of an insigne

Comment:
To represent in the manner of an insigne


TermDef:
A person occupying a status unique within a society, and marked by a distinctive insigne (e.g., a pope, emperor, king)

Comment:
A person occupying a status unique within a society, and marked by a distinctive insigne (e.g., a pope, emperor, king)


TermDef:
A static visual sign whose semantic function is wholly or partly insignial. It may fall into any of several of the formal classes established above for static visual signs in general, and may be described in the same manner as such signs in general

Comment:
A static visual sign whose semantic function is wholly or partly insignial. It may fall into any of several of the formal classes established above for static visual signs in general, and may be described in the same manner as such signs in general


TermDef:
A person bearing or wearing static visual insignia,

Comment:
A person bearing or wearing static visual insignia,


TermDef:
Bearing one or more static visual insignia

Comment:
Bearing one or more static visual insignia


TermDef:
The scientific discipline concerned with insignia generally

Comment:
The scientific discipline concerned with insignia generally


TermDef:
An insigne in a form characteristic of usable static visual signs

Comment:
An insigne in a form characteristic of usable static visual signs


TermDef:
Types of usable static visual insignia based on their formal nature and the ways in which they are displayed

Comment:
Types of usable static visual insignia based on their formal nature and the ways in which they are displayed


TermDef:
A type of insigne worn on the head of the insignifer 
(e.g., a diadem, wreath, crown, tiara, or mitre)

Comment:
A type of insigne worn on the head of the insignifer 
(e.g., a diadem, wreath, crown, tiara, or mitre)


TermDef:
A type of insigne taking the form of a special set of vestments or uniform (e.g., vestments of cleric, robes of princes, etc.)

Comment:
A type of insigne taking the form of a special set of vestments or uniform (e.g., vestments of cleric, robes of princes, etc.)


TermDef:
A type of insigne embroidered, sewn, or otherwise 
attached to the clothing of the insignifer 
(e.g., a panel, patch, button, stripe, or comparable rank-sign)

Comment:
A type of insigne embroidered, sewn, or otherwise 
attached to the clothing of the insignifer 
(e.g., a panel, patch, button, stripe, or comparable rank-sign)


TermDef:
A type of insigne hung over or encircling some part of the body
(e.g., a collar, pectoral, chain, rings, bracelet, anklet, 
stole, sash, belt, or armband)

Comment:
A type of insigne hung over or encircling some part of the body
(e.g., a collar, pectoral, chain, rings, bracelet, anklet, 
stole, sash, belt, or armband)


TermDef:
A type of insignial object which in its usable form is actually carried by the insigniger in his or her own hand or hands 
(e.g., a staff, spear, mace, scepter, orb, rod, sword, or flag)

Comment:
A type of insignial object which in its usable form is actually carried by the insigniger in his or her own hand or hands 
(e.g., a staff, spear, mace, scepter, orb, rod, sword, or flag)


TermDef:
A type of insignial object which in its usable form is displayed or carried in the presence of the insigniger,
 but not by him or her personally
(e.g. a flag, cross, umbrella, canopy, pavilion, or throne)

Comment:
A type of insignial object which in its usable form is displayed or carried in the presence of the insigniger,
 but not by him or her personally
(e.g. a flag, cross, umbrella, canopy, pavilion, or throne)


TermDef:
An insigne in a form characteristic of mimetic signs

Comment:
An insigne in a form characteristic of mimetic signs


TermDef:
Types of mimetic insignia based on the form of their realization and their relationship to mimetic emblems

Comment:
Types of mimetic insignia based on the form of their realization and their relationship to mimetic emblems


TermDef:
A type of insigne that exists only in an iconic form, often extrapolated from the forms of related usable insignia
(e.g., many armorial coronets, insignia of regnal offices)

Comment:
A type of insigne that exists only in an iconic form, often extrapolated from the forms of related usable insignia
(e.g., many armorial coronets, insignia of regnal offices)


TermDef:
An insigne formally associated with (but not incorporated into) an emblem to mark the nature or status of the emblematiger

Comment:
An insigne formally associated with (but not incorporated into) an emblem to mark the nature or status of the emblematiger


TermDef:
An insigne effectively incorporated into the design of a primarily emblematic sign to indicate the nature, status, or rank of the emblematiger (e.g., those in an armorial achievement)

Comment:
An insigne effectively incorporated into the design of a primarily emblematic sign to indicate the nature, status, or rank of the emblematiger (e.g., those in an armorial achievement)


TermDef:
An insigne whose form is sufficiently distinctive to function as an emblem of the office or jurisdiction with which it is associated
(e.g., the crowns of Egypt, Hungary, Bohemia, France)

Comment:
An insigne whose form is sufficiently distinctive to function as an emblem of the office or jurisdiction with which it is associated
(e.g., the crowns of Egypt, Hungary, Bohemia, France)


TermDef:
A sign representing a generic phenomenon or idea

Comment:
A sign representing a generic phenomenon or idea


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a symbol

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a symbol


TermDef:
To represent something in the manner of a symbol

Comment:
To represent something in the manner of a symbol


TermDef:
The scientific discipline concerned with symbols

Comment:
The scientific discipline concerned with symbols


TermDef:
A static visual sign whose semantic function is wholly or partly symbolic. It may fall into any of the formal classes established above for static visual signs in general, and may be described in the same manner as signs in general.

Comment:
A static visual sign whose semantic function is wholly or partly symbolic. It may fall into any of the formal classes established above for static visual signs in general, and may be described in the same manner as signs in general.


TermDef:
An originally symbolic sign employed as an emblem (e.g., the eagle of Zeus, owl of Athena,etc.)

Comment:
An originally symbolic sign employed as an emblem (e.g., the eagle of Zeus, owl of Athena,etc.)


TermDef:
A static visual symbol used as a motif in the design of an comparable emblem of some type (e.g., the attribute of a celestial patron included in the design of a seal or arms)

Comment:
A static visual symbol used as a motif in the design of an comparable emblem of some type (e.g., the attribute of a celestial patron included in the design of a seal or arms)


TermDef:
A sign employed either as or within an emblematic design to represent some characteristic of the emblematiger, (e.g., the eagle of Zeus, owl of Athena,

Comment:
A sign employed either as or within an emblematic design to represent some characteristic of the emblematiger, (e.g., the eagle of Zeus, owl of Athena,


TermDef:
A sign representing a phenomenon or concept, used intra-emblematically for a characterizing purpose

Comment:
A sign representing a phenomenon or concept, used intra-emblematically for a characterizing purpose


TermDef:
A sign representing a very general type of phenomenon (such as night, time, hope, wisdom, science, industry, unity) in some way associated with or claimed by the emblematiger

Comment:
A sign representing a very general type of phenomenon (such as night, time, hope, wisdom, science, industry, unity) in some way associated with or claimed by the emblematiger


TermDef:
A sign in the form of a simple object associated with the nature or activities of, but not directly portraying, the emblematiger. Among the more common types are (1) the occupational symbol, representing the occupation of the (first) emblematiger through some tool or comparable artifact associated with it, and (2) the insignial symbol, taking the form of an insigne representing a dignity or comparable position held by the emblematiger.

Comment:
A sign in the form of a simple object associated with the nature or activities of, but not directly portraying, the emblematiger. Among the more common types are (1) the occupational symbol, representing the occupation of the (first) emblematiger through some tool or comparable artifact associated with it, and (2) the insignial symbol, taking the form of an insigne representing a dignity or comparable position held by the emblematiger.


TermDef:
A sign conventionally employed to represent a general concept or phenomenon, used as part of an emblematic design to suggest that the emblematiger possesses a certain quality. In practice, these have commonly taken the three following forms.

Comment:
A sign conventionally employed to represent a general concept or phenomenon, used as part of an emblematic design to suggest that the emblematiger possesses a certain quality. In practice, these have commonly taken the three following forms.


TermDef:
A conventional symbol in the form of a single non-anthropomorphic figure, natural or man-made, commonly or traditionally seen as representing a quality like power, courage, wisdom, justice, or eternity

Comment:
A conventional symbol in the form of a single non-anthropomorphic figure, natural or man-made, commonly or traditionally seen as representing a quality like power, courage, wisdom, justice, or eternity


TermDef:
A conventional symbol in the form of an anthropomorphic or mainly anthropomorphic figure, most commonly that of a goddess, conceived of as a personification of the idea or quality it represents, and distinguished by various equally symbolic ATTRIBUTES

Comment:
A conventional symbol in the form of an anthropomorphic or mainly anthropomorphic figure, most commonly that of a goddess, conceived of as a personification of the idea or quality it represents, and distinguished by various equally symbolic ATTRIBUTES


TermDef:
A conventional symbol in the form of a scene, the function of which is to represent some general idea or ideas, including the qualities of an emblematiger within whose emblem it is included.  Such scenes often include several personifying figures, and comparable effigies of gods and historical persons

Comment:
A conventional symbol in the form of a scene, the function of which is to represent some general idea or ideas, including the qualities of an emblematiger within whose emblem it is included.  Such scenes often include several personifying figures, and comparable effigies of gods and historical persons


TermDef:
A sign resembling a conventional symbol but established by fiat rather than established usage

Comment:
A sign resembling a conventional symbol but established by fiat rather than established usage


TermDef:
A sign alluding to some classic text that epitomizes some aspect of the emblematiger’s nature

Comment:
A sign alluding to some classic text that epitomizes some aspect of the emblematiger’s nature


TermDef:
A sign representing a particular example of a general type of phenomenon: a particular river, mountain, ruler, etc. 
(e.g., the head of Alexander the Great used by his ‘successors’, the image of the gate of Dublin, Hamburg, or Prague set on their seals and arms, the image of the Thames in the arms of Oxford City)

Comment:
A sign representing a particular example of a general type of phenomenon: a particular river, mountain, ruler, etc. 
(e.g., the head of Alexander the Great used by his ‘successors’, the image of the gate of Dublin, Hamburg, or Prague set on their seals and arms, the image of the Thames in the arms of Oxford City)


TermDef:
A sign representing the emblematiger’s particular name (e.g., an initial, monogram, or rebus)

Comment:
A sign representing the emblematiger’s particular name (e.g., an initial, monogram, or rebus)


TermDef:
A sign representing some sort of relationship between emblematigerous entities

Comment:
A sign representing some sort of relationship between emblematigerous entities


TermDef:
A sign in the form either of an effigy or of an image of a recognized attribute of a deity or saint recognized as a protector of the emblematiger or the object of his particular devotion 
(e.g., the effigy of St Václav on the seal and in the arms of Prague, the effigy of St George in the jewel of the Order of the Garter, the cross of St Andrew in the flags of Burgundy, Scotland, and Russia)

Comment:
A sign in the form either of an effigy or of an image of a recognized attribute of a deity or saint recognized as a protector of the emblematiger or the object of his particular devotion 
(e.g., the effigy of St Václav on the seal and in the arms of Prague, the effigy of St George in the jewel of the Order of the Garter, the cross of St Andrew in the flags of Burgundy, Scotland, and Russia)


TermDef:
A sign in the form of an image of an emblem or some part therefore (esp. arms, flags, badges, & ciphers) of a superior terrestrial person or entity with which the emblematiger is affiliated in some way

Comment:
A sign in the form of an image of an emblem or some part therefore (esp. arms, flags, badges, & ciphers) of a superior terrestrial person or entity with which the emblematiger is affiliated in some way


TermDef:
An affiliation symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to the same species as the incorporating emblem (e.g., the arms of the Empire in the chiefs of the Ghibellines, of France in the chiefs of bonnes villes, the lion of England in the chiefs of Canadian provinces)

Comment:
An affiliation symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to the same species as the incorporating emblem (e.g., the arms of the Empire in the chiefs of the Ghibellines, of France in the chiefs of bonnes villes, the lion of England in the chiefs of Canadian provinces)


TermDef:
An affiliation symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to a species different from that of the incorporating emblem

Comment:
An affiliation symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to a species different from that of the incorporating emblem


TermDef:
A sign in the form of an image of an emblem or some part thereof representing a person or deity from whom the  emblematiger claims descent

Comment:
A sign in the form of an image of an emblem or some part thereof representing a person or deity from whom the  emblematiger claims descent


TermDef:
An ancestry symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to the same species as the incorporating emblem

Comment:
An ancestry symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to the same species as the incorporating emblem


TermDef:
An ancestry symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to a species different from that of the incorporating emblem

Comment:
An ancestry symbol taking the form of an entire emblem, or an element extracted from an emblem, belonging to a species different from that of the incorporating emblem


TermDef:
A sign in the form of an arrangement either of pre-existing emblems or of new figures representing the structure of the emblematiger (if impersonal) or his estate (if personal)

Comment:
A sign in the form of an arrangement either of pre-existing emblems or of new figures representing the structure of the emblematiger (if impersonal) or his estate (if personal)


TermDef:
A  sign of a type conventionally employed to indicate juniority within a lineage or clan (including any position below that of chief), added to an existing emblem

Comment:
A  sign of a type conventionally employed to indicate juniority within a lineage or clan (including any position below that of chief), added to an existing emblem


TermDef:
A symbol in any of several forms used to commemorate some important event in the history of the emblematiger. The principal types are (a) historical and (b) honorific

Comment:
A symbol in any of several forms used to commemorate some important event in the history of the emblematiger. The principal types are (a) historical and (b) honorific


TermDef:
A commemorative symbol in the form of an image or word or date suggestive of some event important in the history of the emblematiger

Comment:
A commemorative symbol in the form of an image or word or date suggestive of some event important in the history of the emblematiger


TermDef:
A commemorative symbol in the form of a sign of any sort added to an emblem as a mark of honor for some achievement of the emblematiger

Comment:
A commemorative symbol in the form of a sign of any sort added to an emblem as a mark of honor for some achievement of the emblematiger


TermDef:
Cultural-Conventional Signs of the Heraldic superfamily

Comment:
Cultural-Conventional Signs of the Heraldic superfamily


TermDef:
Any sign or species of sign included in one or more of the families of signs in which the heralds came to take a professional interest: viz. the (1) armorial, (2) para-armorial, (3) patronal, and (4) hybrid-heraldic families, which together constitute the heraldic superfamily of signs

Comment:
Any sign or species of sign included in one or more of the families of signs in which the heralds came to take a professional interest: viz. the (1) armorial, (2) para-armorial, (3) patronal, and (4) hybrid-heraldic families, which together constitute the heraldic superfamily of signs


TermDef:
The family of emblematic and insignial species (i) formally associated with (and legally dependent upon) the species of emblem called the ARMS, (ii) subjected to the relevant part of the ARMORIAL CODE, and (iii) having from c. 1290 a more or less fixed place within the compound species of sign called the ARMORIAL ACHIEVEMENT

Comment:
The family of emblematic and insignial species (i) formally associated with (and legally dependent upon) the species of emblem called the ARMS, (ii) subjected to the relevant part of the ARMORIAL CODE, and (iii) having from c. 1290 a more or less fixed place within the compound species of sign called the ARMORIAL ACHIEVEMENT


TermDef:
A sign/ signs of the armorial family, whether emblematic or insignial

Comment:
A sign/ signs of the armorial family, whether emblematic or insignial


TermDef:
Pertaining to, composed of, or having the nature of one or more armories or species of armory

Comment:
Pertaining to, composed of, or having the nature of one or more armories or species of armory


TermDef:
An emblematic armory; i.e., any emblem or species of emblem belonging to the armorial family of signs. Such emblems may be divided on the basis of their use and importance into two principal categories: (1) major and (2) minor armorial emblems

Comment:
An emblematic armory; i.e., any emblem or species of emblem belonging to the armorial family of signs. Such emblems may be divided on the basis of their use and importance into two principal categories: (1) major and (2) minor armorial emblems


TermDef:
One of the two earliest species of armorial emblem, the arms and the crest, which alone were used in the PRIMARY MODE of display

Comment:
One of the two earliest species of armorial emblem, the arms and the crest, which alone were used in the PRIMARY MODE of display


TermDef:
Any of the later species of armorial emblem, used armorially only in the SECONDARY MODE of display: i.e., the supporters, motto, war-cry, armorial badge, and compartment (when emblematic)

Comment:
Any of the later species of armorial emblem, used armorially only in the SECONDARY MODE of display: i.e., the supporters, motto, war-cry, armorial badge, and compartment (when emblematic)


TermDef:
An insignial armory; i.e., any insigne or species of insigne
 belonging to the armorial family of signs
 (e.g., insignial headgear, staves, swords, collars, and the like)

Comment:
An insignial armory; i.e., any insigne or species of insigne
 belonging to the armorial family of signs
 (e.g., insignial headgear, staves, swords, collars, and the like)


TermDef:
A system of rules and conventions governing the design, description, representation, modification, combination, acquisition, and transmission of armories, in some particular country, domain, cultural region, or social order, in some particular period

Comment:
A system of rules and conventions governing the design, description, representation, modification, combination, acquisition, and transmission of armories, in some particular country, domain, cultural region, or social order, in some particular period


TermDef:
A distinct set of arms and other armories, either in general (the full armorial corpus) or defined in some particular way (e.g. a regnal, categorical, or institutional armorial corpus)

Comment:
A distinct set of arms and other armories, either in general (the full armorial corpus) or defined in some particular way (e.g. a regnal, categorical, or institutional armorial corpus)


TermDef:
The whole body of expert knowledge concerning (a) a regional, domanial, regnal, or national armorial code and (b) the identity and history of the elements of the corresponding armorial corpus,
which has formed the core subject of traditional armorial didacticism

Comment:
The whole body of expert knowledge concerning (a) a regional, domanial, regnal, or national armorial code and (b) the identity and history of the elements of the corresponding armorial corpus,
which has formed the core subject of traditional armorial didacticism


TermDef:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the design, acquisition, transmission, representation, and use of armorial signs of all species; divisible by functional type into armorial emblematics, insignics, and symbolics

Comment:
The whole set of rules, conventions, and practices related to the design, acquisition, transmission, representation, and use of armorial signs of all species; divisible by functional type into armorial emblematics, insignics, and symbolics


TermDef:
The formal study of armorial semeiotics; divisible into the sub-fields of armorial emblematology, insigniology, and symbolology

Comment:
The formal study of armorial semeiotics; divisible into the sub-fields of armorial emblematology, insigniology, and symbolology


TermDef:
The technical description of heraldic emblems, conceived of in the abstract

Comment:
The technical description of heraldic emblems, conceived of in the abstract


TermDef:
The peculiar technical language traditionally employed for the technical description of heraldic (especially armorial) emblems, conceived of either in the abstract or in the form used in a particular country in a particular period

Comment:
The peculiar technical language traditionally employed for the technical description of heraldic (especially armorial) emblems, conceived of either in the abstract or in the form used in a particular country in a particular period


TermDef:
A particular technical description of a particular emblem, expressed in the current and local form of the language of blazon

Comment:
A particular technical description of a particular emblem, expressed in the current and local form of the language of blazon


TermDef:
To describe in a form of the technical language of blazon

Comment:
To describe in a form of the technical language of blazon


TermDef:
The heraldic art of technical description

Comment:
The heraldic art of technical description


TermDef:
To represent an heraldic emblem, esp. on the basis of a blazon

Comment:
To represent an heraldic emblem, esp. on the basis of a blazon


TermDef:
The art of representing heraldic emblems, esp. on the basis of blazons

Comment:
The art of representing heraldic emblems, esp. on the basis of blazons


TermDef:
A particular representation of an heraldic emblem, especially one based on a blazon

Comment:
A particular representation of an heraldic emblem, especially one based on a blazon


TermDef:
The classic form of the original and only indispensable species of armorial emblem, or a particular exemplar of that species; most commonly represented overlying a shield, usable or mimetic; designed in keeping with the locally and currently applicable version of the armorial code; conceptually perpetual and multicontextual; consisting of a conceptually chromatic, fielded, frameless, and normally formalized design, whose multiliminal field may be partitioned or abstractly patterned in a wide variety of standardized manners, and may bear one or more figural motifs of every possible type; since c. 1300 constituting a form of real property, and since c. 1330 a form of public honour conferrable by princes

Comment:
The classic form of the original and only indispensable species of armorial emblem, or a particular exemplar of that species; most commonly represented overlying a shield, usable or mimetic; designed in keeping with the locally and currently applicable version of the armorial code; conceptually perpetual and multicontextual; consisting of a conceptually chromatic, fielded, frameless, and normally formalized design, whose multiliminal field may be partitioned or abstractly patterned in a wide variety of standardized manners, and may bear one or more figural motifs of every possible type; since c. 1300 constituting a form of real property, and since c. 1330 a form of public honour conferrable by princes


TermDef:
The form of emblem from which preclassic arms developed c. 1130, characterized by an unstable, often occasional usage, and by types of partition, pattern, and motif of a different and more limited set than those of preclassic or classic arms

Comment:
The form of emblem from which preclassic arms developed c. 1130, characterized by an unstable, often occasional usage, and by types of partition, pattern, and motif of a different and more limited set than those of preclassic or classic arms


TermDef:
The primitive form of true arms prevalent in the Primary Region from c. 1130 to c. 1330/40, characterized by some instability of design and usage, great variation in methods of differencing, and (rare) marshalling in various transitional modes

Comment:
The primitive form of true arms prevalent in the Primary Region from c. 1130 to c. 1330/40, characterized by some instability of design and usage, great variation in methods of differencing, and (rare) marshalling in various transitional modes


TermDef:
The mature form of true arms, prevalent in the Primary Region since c. 1330, and characterized by stability of design and usage, and in the Primary Region by differencing by the addition of brisures, and increasingly frequent marshalling, primarily by quartering

Comment:
The mature form of true arms, prevalent in the Primary Region since c. 1330, and characterized by stability of design and usage, and in the Primary Region by differencing by the addition of brisures, and increasingly frequent marshalling, primarily by quartering


TermDef:
A form of emblem resembling classic arms, but  deviating in one or more respects from the general rules and conventions governing the design or use of arms

Comment:
A form of emblem resembling classic arms, but  deviating in one or more respects from the general rules and conventions governing the design or use of arms


TermDef:
A form of quasi-arms (normally sigillary) lacking fixed tinctures

Comment:
A form of quasi-arms (normally sigillary) lacking fixed tinctures


TermDef:
The basic and often original form of arms, not DIFFERENCED in any way to indicate juniority; distinguished from differenced arms

Comment:
The basic and often original form of arms, not DIFFERENCED in any way to indicate juniority; distinguished from differenced arms


TermDef:
A form of arms, whether plain or differenced, that has not been combined or MARSHALLED on a single underlier with the arms of another entity of any sort; distinguished from marshalled arms

Comment:
A form of arms, whether plain or differenced, that has not been combined or MARSHALLED on a single underlier with the arms of another entity of any sort; distinguished from marshalled arms


TermDef:
(Of motifs, conventions, laws, etc.) Pertaining to arms; (of armiform designs) conceived as, or legally constituting, arms

Comment:
(Of motifs, conventions, laws, etc.) Pertaining to arms; (of armiform designs) conceived as, or legally constituting, arms


TermDef:
Pertaining to or constituting proto-arms

Comment:
Pertaining to or constituting proto-arms


TermDef:
(Of designs) Taking the conventional form of a coat of arms, but not necessarily conceived of, or legally regarded, as such

Comment:
(Of designs) Taking the conventional form of a coat of arms, but not necessarily conceived of, or legally regarded, as such


TermDef:
The general types of physical context on which arms were displayed, distinguished first by the nature of their relationship to the arms set on them, and then by the mode of their representation. Only the primary and secondary types were semeiotically significant

Comment:
The general types of physical context on which arms were displayed, distinguished first by the nature of their relationship to the arms set on them, and then by the mode of their representation. Only the primary and secondary types were semeiotically significant


TermDef:
Any of the contexts in which arms were displayed by primary armigers in association with armour, normally singly in the primary or overlying mode, and which themselves normally functioned as underliers: i.e. the shield, surcoat, flag, horse-trapper, primitive helm, primitive crest, and lambrequin

Comment:
Any of the contexts in which arms were displayed by primary armigers in association with armour, normally singly in the primary or overlying mode, and which themselves normally functioned as underliers: i.e. the shield, surcoat, flag, horse-trapper, primitive helm, primitive crest, and lambrequin


TermDef:
The form of any primary context designed for actual wear or other use by the armiger in military or ludic situations

Comment:
The form of any primary context designed for actual wear or other use by the armiger in military or ludic situations


TermDef:
A mimetic representation (most commonly iconic) of a primary context (especially a shield or banner) for display in a secondary or tertiary context

Comment:
A mimetic representation (most commonly iconic) of a primary context (especially a shield or banner) for display in a secondary or tertiary context


TermDef:
A mimetic representation of an armiferous shield

Comment:
A mimetic representation of an armiferous shield


TermDef:
A mimetic representation of an armiferous banner

Comment:
A mimetic representation of an armiferous banner


TermDef:
Any of the wholly or partially emblematic contexts within which arms were regularly represented in the secondary (mimetic) mode, as a major element of their overall design, and which normally served as containers for escutcheons, bannerelles, or achievements: principally seals, coins, medals, and post-classic flags

Comment:
Any of the wholly or partially emblematic contexts within which arms were regularly represented in the secondary (mimetic) mode, as a major element of their overall design, and which normally served as containers for escutcheons, bannerelles, or achievements: principally seals, coins, medals, and post-classic flags


TermDef:
Any of the contexts in which arms were occasionally represented in mimetic form, as much for decorative as for emblematic purposes, in the secondary, tertiary, or extractive modes (e.g. clothing, accessories, furnishings, tapestries, windows, fireplaces, doorways, tombs, and memorials)

Comment:
Any of the contexts in which arms were occasionally represented in mimetic form, as much for decorative as for emblematic purposes, in the secondary, tertiary, or extractive modes (e.g. clothing, accessories, furnishings, tapestries, windows, fireplaces, doorways, tombs, and memorials)


TermDef:
Different manners of representing arms in different contexts, divisible into three modes of full (primary, secondary, tertiary) and one of partial representation (extractive)

Comment:
Different manners of representing arms in different contexts, divisible into three modes of full (primary, secondary, tertiary) and one of partial representation (extractive)


TermDef:
The mode of representation associated with primary armal contexts: specifically, the overlying mode, covering the whole surface of the underlying context, whether a shield, flag, coat, etc.

Comment:
The mode of representation associated with primary armal contexts: specifically, the overlying mode, covering the whole surface of the underlying context, whether a shield, flag, coat, etc.


TermDef:
The mode of representation associated with secondary and tertiary armal and armorial contexts: specifically, the mimetic mode, in which the arms are set on or within a representation (normally iconic) of a shield, or more rarely, of a banner or surcoat

Comment:
The mode of representation associated with secondary and tertiary armal and armorial contexts: specifically, the mimetic mode, in which the arms are set on or within a representation (normally iconic) of a shield, or more rarely, of a banner or surcoat


ENterm:
uni-armal versions of the secondary mode

FRterm:
Versions uni-armales de la mode secondaire

TermDef:
Manners of representation involving a single coat of arms, either plain or differenced, and either simple or internally marshalled, but always intended to represent a single armiger

Comment:
Manners of representation involving a single coat of arms, either plain or differenced, and either simple or internally marshalled, but always intended to represent a single armiger


TermDef:
The representation on any distinct container (surcoat, flag, seal, button, belt-link, etc.) of a single armiferous escutcheon or 
similar mimetic underlier (most commonly a bannerelle)

Comment:
The representation on any distinct container (surcoat, flag, seal, button, belt-link, etc.) of a single armiferous escutcheon or 
similar mimetic underlier (most commonly a bannerelle)


TermDef:
The representation of a single coat of arms on a single container in the mimetic mode, independent of any other armorial sign, and therefore exterior to any form of armorial achievement

Comment:
The representation of a single coat of arms on a single container in the mimetic mode, independent of any other armorial sign, and therefore exterior to any form of armorial achievement


TermDef:
The representation of a single coat of arms on a single container in the secondary mode accompanied by an armory of a different species, and therefore constituting part of an achievement

Comment:
The representation of a single coat of arms on a single container in the secondary mode accompanied by an armory of a different species, and therefore constituting part of an achievement


TermDef:
The display in any context, primary or secondary, of numerous distinct armiferous escutcheons or the like, all bearing the same arms, and arranged in a regular pattern of the semy type

Comment:
The display in any context, primary or secondary, of numerous distinct armiferous escutcheons or the like, all bearing the same arms, and arranged in a regular pattern of the semy type


TermDef:
Manners of representation involving a two or more coats of arms, either plain or differenced, and either simple or internally marshalled, but intended to represent two or more entities

Comment:
Manners of representation involving a two or more coats of arms, either plain or differenced, and either simple or internally marshalled, but intended to represent two or more entities


TermDef:
A multiple mode of display involving the arms of only two different armigerous entities (usually a husband and wife, but sometimes two distinct dominions held by the same lord), generally arranged on adjacent (and often respectant) escutcheons as a form of EXTRASCUTAL MARSHALLING

Comment:
A multiple mode of display involving the arms of only two different armigerous entities (usually a husband and wife, but sometimes two distinct dominions held by the same lord), generally arranged on adjacent (and often respectant) escutcheons as a form of EXTRASCUTAL MARSHALLING


TermDef:
The representation of a pair of arms in isolation from any other signs other than a physical context, though possibly held by purely decorative supporters or suspended from a purely decorative tree or the like

Comment:
The representation of a pair of arms in isolation from any other signs other than a physical context, though possibly held by purely decorative supporters or suspended from a purely decorative tree or the like


TermDef:
The representation of a pair of arms in the secondary mode accompanied by one or more armories of a different species, and therefore constituting part of an achievement

Comment:
The representation of a pair of arms in the secondary mode accompanied by one or more armories of a different species, and therefore constituting part of an achievement


TermDef:
The representation of the arms of three or more entities, (often those of the dominions of a single lord, but sometimes those of a person and several deceased spouses, or a set of close relatives), in isolation from any other signs other than a physical context

Comment:
The representation of the arms of three or more entities, (often those of the dominions of a single lord, but sometimes those of a person and several deceased spouses, or a set of close relatives), in isolation from any other signs other than a physical context


TermDef:
The representation of a pair of arms either in isolation from any other signs, though possibly held by purely decorative supporters or suspended from a purely decorative tree or the like

Comment:
The representation of a pair of arms either in isolation from any other signs, though possibly held by purely decorative supporters or suspended from a purely decorative tree or the like


TermDef:
The representation of a set of arms accompanied by one or more armories of a different species, and therefore constituting part of an achievement

Comment:
The representation of a set of arms accompanied by one or more armories of a different species, and therefore constituting part of an achievement


TermDef:
(Of contexts) Bearing one or more representations of arms

Comment:
(Of contexts) Bearing one or more representations of arms


TermDef:
(Of an underlying context) Having a surface entirely covered with or overlaid by a single coat of arms

Comment:
(Of an underlying context) Having a surface entirely covered with or overlaid by a single coat of arms


TermDef:
(Of a containing context) Bearing on its surface one or more coats of arms set on escutcheons (i.e., representations of shields)

Comment:
(Of a containing context) Bearing on its surface one or more coats of arms set on escutcheons (i.e., representations of shields)


TermDef:
(Of a containing context) Bearing a single escutcheon of arms

Comment:
(Of a containing context) Bearing a single escutcheon of arms


TermDef:
(Of a containing context) Strewn with escutcheons of the same arms, generally of the same size

Comment:
(Of a containing context) Strewn with escutcheons of the same arms, generally of the same size


TermDef:
(Of a context) Strewn with escutcheons, generally of the same size, bearing two or more different coats of arms

Comment:
(Of a context) Strewn with escutcheons, generally of the same size, bearing two or more different coats of arms


TermDef:
A strictly iconic mode of representation involving the decorative use in secondary contexts of two or more distinct coats of arms as elements of continuous repetitive patterns (chequy, lozengy, etc.)

Comment:
A strictly iconic mode of representation involving the decorative use in secondary contexts of two or more distinct coats of arms as elements of continuous repetitive patterns (chequy, lozengy, etc.)


TermDef:
A version of the tertiary mode involving only two distinct coats of arms

Comment:
A version of the tertiary mode involving only two distinct coats of arms


TermDef:
A version of the tertiary mode involving only three or more distinct coats of arms

Comment:
A version of the tertiary mode involving only three or more distinct coats of arms


ENterm:
extractive mode (of armal representation)

FRterm:
mode extractive (de représentation armale)

TermDef:
An iconic mode of representation involving the decorative use in secondary contexts of elements of arms (individual charges and their segments of the field, in their inherent tinctures), especially in repetitive patterns

Comment:
An iconic mode of representation involving the decorative use in secondary contexts of elements of arms (individual charges and their segments of the field, in their inherent tinctures), especially in repetitive patterns


TermDef:
A version of the mode involving elements of only one coat of arms

Comment:
A version of the mode involving elements of only one coat of arms


TermDef:
A version of the mode involving elements of two coats of arms

Comment:
A version of the mode involving elements of two coats of arms


TermDef:
A version involving elements of three or more coats of arms

Comment:
A version involving elements of three or more coats of arms


TermDef:
An individual or entity of any sort recognized as the legal possessor of a particular coat of arms, and of any other armories that might be associated with it. 
Armigers may be classified into the same personal and impersonal classes as emblematigers generally (IV.A.3 sup.)

Comment:
An individual or entity of any sort recognized as the legal possessor of a particular coat of arms, and of any other armories that might be associated with it. 
Armigers may be classified into the same personal and impersonal classes as emblematigers generally (IV.A.3 sup.)


TermDef:
A lay male armiger who could in principle have made, an active use of arms in their primary mode, contexts, and social settings, during the period when this was possible (c. 1130 – c. 1530).  
(In practice, primary armigers were with few exceptions lords, knights, or noble esquires)

Comment:
A lay male armiger who could in principle have made, an active use of arms in their primary mode, contexts, and social settings, during the period when this was possible (c. 1130 – c. 1530).  
(In practice, primary armigers were with few exceptions lords, knights, or noble esquires)


TermDef:
A member of the family or lineage of a primary armiger who by reason of age, sex, or vocation could not employ a version of the lineal armories in the primary mode in any of the primary contexts or situations, but did so in the secondary mode in one or more secondary contexts 
(i.e., all female, clerical, and religious members of lineages ennobled by c. 1530, and all other members of such lineages in the period since c. 1530)

Comment:
A member of the family or lineage of a primary armiger who by reason of age, sex, or vocation could not employ a version of the lineal armories in the primary mode in any of the primary contexts or situations, but did so in the secondary mode in one or more secondary contexts 
(i.e., all female, clerical, and religious members of lineages ennobled by c. 1530, and all other members of such lineages in the period since c. 1530)


TermDef:
A personal armiger whose arms and other armories had never been employed in the primary mode, contexts, or situations 
(a category including all non-noble personal armigers, and all noble armigers whose lineage was ennobled after c. 1530)

Comment:
A personal armiger whose arms and other armories had never been employed in the primary mode, contexts, or situations 
(a category including all non-noble personal armigers, and all noble armigers whose lineage was ennobled after c. 1530)


TermDef:
An impersonal armiger that, by its very nature, could not and cannot employ arms or any other armorial sign in the primary mode
(i.e., any armigerous association, corporation, office, or jurisdiction)

Comment:
An impersonal armiger that, by its very nature, could not and cannot employ arms or any other armorial sign in the primary mode
(i.e., any armigerous association, corporation, office, or jurisdiction)


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature or an armiger or armigers

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature or an armiger or armigers


TermDef:
Having the rights characteristic of armigers; legally possessed of arms and possibly other armories

Comment:
Having the rights characteristic of armigers; legally possessed of arms and possibly other armories


TermDef:
To confer arms (and possibly other armories) on any entity

Comment:
To confer arms (and possibly other armories) on any entity


TermDef:
The possession and use of arms and (possibly other armories) by an armiger of any type

Comment:
The possession and use of arms and (possibly other armories) by an armiger of any type


TermDef:
The condition of possessing arms and (possibly) other armories, as distinct from their active use

Comment:
The condition of possessing arms and (possibly) other armories, as distinct from their active use


TermDef:
The practice of employing arms and (or) other armories in any or all of the conventional contexts and modes

Comment:
The practice of employing arms and (or) other armories in any or all of the conventional contexts and modes


ENterm:
primary- (or singular overlying) mode armigery

TermDef:
The practice (by primary armigers) of employing arms (in an overlying manner) in any or all of their primary (usable) contexts: 
i.e., the shield, surcoat, flag, trapper, helm, lambrequin, & mantle

Comment:
The practice (by primary armigers) of employing arms (in an overlying manner) in any or all of their primary (usable) contexts: 
i.e., the shield, surcoat, flag, trapper, helm, lambrequin, & mantle


TermDef:
The practice (by armigers of all three types) of displaying singly a mimetic form of their own arms (usually in a non-overlying manner) in any or all secondary contexts: seals, buttons, belts, etc.

Comment:
The practice (by armigers of all three types) of displaying singly a mimetic form of their own arms (usually in a non-overlying manner) in any or all secondary contexts: seals, buttons, belts, etc.


TermDef:
The practice (by armigers of all three types) of displaying multiple mimetic copies of their arms, set on discrete escutcheons or comparable underliers that constitute elements of a regular pattern

Comment:
The practice (by armigers of all three types) of displaying multiple mimetic copies of their arms, set on discrete escutcheons or comparable underliers that constitute elements of a regular pattern


TermDef:
Armigery acquired by the armiger through assumption (assumed armigery), transfer (transferred armigery), purchase (purchased armigery), or conferral (conferred armigery)

Comment:
Armigery acquired by the armiger through assumption (assumed armigery), transfer (transferred armigery), purchase (purchased armigery), or conferral (conferred armigery)


TermDef:
Armigery inherited by the armiger from one or both of his or her parents

Comment:
Armigery inherited by the armiger from one or both of his or her parents


TermDef:
The second species of major armorial emblem, displayed in the primary mode at the summit of a helm of contemporary form, and in the secondary mode as a representation of such a helm, or some other contemporary type of helmet, real or imaginary. Two broad classes of crest may be recognized: (1) the two-dimensional type, used in the primary mode from c. 1190 to c. 1350, and (2) the three-dimensional type, used in that mode from c. 1290 onward.
A typology of crests will be provided in a separate table

Comment:
The second species of major armorial emblem, displayed in the primary mode at the summit of a helm of contemporary form, and in the secondary mode as a representation of such a helm, or some other contemporary type of helmet, real or imaginary. Two broad classes of crest may be recognized: (1) the two-dimensional type, used in the primary mode from c. 1190 to c. 1350, and (2) the three-dimensional type, used in that mode from c. 1290 onward.
A typology of crests will be provided in a separate table


TermDef:
Pertaining to, characteristic of, or having the nature of a crest

Comment:
Pertaining to, characteristic of, or having the nature of a crest


TermDef:
(Of helms, usable or mimetic) Surmounted by an armorial crest

Comment:
(Of helms, usable or mimetic) Surmounted by an armorial crest


TermDef:
(Of secondary contexts) Bearing an image of a crest alone

Comment:
(Of secondary contexts) Bearing an image of a crest alone


TermDef:
A motif of any of three general forms (the torse, coronet, and chapeau), serving to conceal the join between the lower margin of the crest proper and the summit of the helm. Any of these forms of crest-base may be semantically neutral or insignial in function

Comment:
A motif of any of three general forms (the torse, coronet, and chapeau), serving to conceal the join between the lower margin of the crest proper and the summit of the helm. Any of these forms of crest-base may be semantically neutral or insignial in function


TermDef:
A wreath formed from two or three stuffed tubes of fabric in as many tinctures, twisted together and tied at the back

Comment:
A wreath formed from two or three stuffed tubes of fabric in as many tinctures, twisted together and tied at the back


TermDef:
A coronet in the form of a circlet heightened with four fleurons

Comment:
A coronet in the form of a circlet heightened with four fleurons


TermDef:
A chapeau of cloth (normally red) lined in fur (normally ermine), with a brim turned up at the front and slanting to a point at the back

Comment:
A chapeau of cloth (normally red) lined in fur (normally ermine), with a brim turned up at the front and slanting to a point at the back


TermDef:
A crest arising from or set on a crest-base

Comment:
A crest arising from or set on a crest-base


TermDef:
A crest, whether baseless or based, that is extended downward to form a HELM-MANTLING of some type

Comment:
A crest, whether baseless or based, that is extended downward to form a HELM-MANTLING of some type


TermDef:
An armiger possessing and (normally) displaying 
one or more armorial crests. Crestigers may be classified into the same classes (primary-quaternary) as armigers, on the same bases.

Comment:
An armiger possessing and (normally) displaying 
one or more armorial crests. Crestigers may be classified into the same classes (primary-quaternary) as armigers, on the same bases.


TermDef:
(Of armigers) Possessing one or more armorial crests

Comment:
(Of armigers) Possessing one or more armorial crests


TermDef:
A body or category of crestigers, classified by country, district, community, social or professional category, or natural type

Comment:
A body or category of crestigers, classified by country, district, community, social or professional category, or natural type


TermDef:
The condition of possessing and practice of displaying an armorial crest

Comment:
The condition of possessing and practice of displaying an armorial crest


TermDef:
The display of a crest in its usable form, attached to a usable helm (peculiar to primary crestigers)

Comment:
The display of a crest in its usable form, attached to a usable helm (peculiar to primary crestigers)


TermDef:
The display of a crest in a mimetic (normally iconic) form, attached to a mimetic helm similarly represented. It may be thus displayed either in an extra-cumular manner, independent of an armorial achievement, or (more commonly) in an intra-cumular manner, within such an achievement

Comment:
The display of a crest in a mimetic (normally iconic) form, attached to a mimetic helm similarly represented. It may be thus displayed either in an extra-cumular manner, independent of an armorial achievement, or (more commonly) in an intra-cumular manner, within such an achievement


TermDef:
The display of a crest in a mimetic (normally iconic) form, detached from any helmet. It may be thus displayed either in an extra-cumular manner, independent of an armorial achievement (in which case it functions as a type of badge), or (in recent English custom) in an intra-cumular manner, within an achievement

Comment:
The display of a crest in a mimetic (normally iconic) form, detached from any helmet. It may be thus displayed either in an extra-cumular manner, independent of an armorial achievement (in which case it functions as a type of badge), or (in recent English custom) in an intra-cumular manner, within an achievement


TermDef:
The possession and use of a single crest in any mode

Comment:
The possession and use of a single crest in any mode


TermDef:
The possession and (or) use of exactly two crests, normally (and when simultaneous, exclusively) in the secondary or tertiary mode

Comment:
The possession and (or) use of exactly two crests, normally (and when simultaneous, exclusively) in the secondary or tertiary mode


TermDef:
The possession and use of three or more crests, normally (and when the use is simultaneous, exclusively) in the secondary or tertiary mode

Comment:
The possession and use of three or more crests, normally (and when the use is simultaneous, exclusively) in the secondary or tertiary mode


TermDef:
Any of the several enclosing forms of metallic head-armour worn by knights between c. 1095 and c. 1700, or quasi-mimetic variants of them, used in association with armorial emblems and insignia. Helms may be classified both on the basis of the their semantic function and their particular form.

Comment:
Any of the several enclosing forms of metallic head-armour worn by knights between c. 1095 and c. 1700, or quasi-mimetic variants of them, used in association with armorial emblems and insignia. Helms may be classified both on the basis of the their semantic function and their particular form.


TermDef:
An armorial helm (always in practice crestiferous, and either usable or mimetic) lacking any distinctive semantic function of its own, 
and serving merely the structural function of upholding the crest

Comment:
An armorial helm (always in practice crestiferous, and either usable or mimetic) lacking any distinctive semantic function of its own, 
and serving merely the structural function of upholding the crest


TermDef:
An armorial helm serving as the immediate underlier or container of a secondary representation of the arms, painted on its sides

Comment:
An armorial helm serving as the immediate underlier or container of a secondary representation of the arms, painted on its sides


TermDef:
An armorial helm whose general and particular form (nos. h-o below) materials (steel, silver, gold), and (often) orientation (affronty, semi-profile, profile, profile contourny) serve the insignial function of indicating the general nature of the armiger, and often his or its particular status or rank. It may be subclassified on the basis of the nature of any additional signs set at its summit.

Comment:
An armorial helm whose general and particular form (nos. h-o below) materials (steel, silver, gold), and (often) orientation (affronty, semi-profile, profile, profile contourny) serve the insignial function of indicating the general nature of the armiger, and often his or its particular status or rank. It may be subclassified on the basis of the nature of any additional signs set at its summit.


TermDef:
A helm surmounted only by an emblematic crest

Comment:
A helm surmounted only by an emblematic crest


TermDef:
A helm surmounted by both an emblematic crest and an insignial coronet of some type

Comment:
A helm surmounted by both an emblematic crest and an insignial coronet of some type


TermDef:
A helm surmounted only by an insignial coronet of some type

Comment:
A helm surmounted only by an insignial coronet of some type


TermDef:
A helm surmounted neither by a crest nor by a coronet, though perhaps covered by a lambrequin

Comment:
A helm surmounted neither by a crest nor by a coronet, though perhaps covered by a lambrequin


TermDef:
A formal type of helm, also called the great or barrel helm, used by knights and squires in both military and ludic contexts to c. 1380, used mimetically without semantic significance to uphold crests throughout that period, and revived in mimetic form as an insignial helm in the 19th century

Comment:
A formal type of helm, also called the great or barrel helm, used by knights and squires in both military and ludic contexts to c. 1380, used mimetically without semantic significance to uphold crests throughout that period, and revived in mimetic form as an insignial helm in the 19th century


TermDef:
A formal type of helm, also called the frog-faced helm and tilting helm, used in jousts from c. 1390 – c. 1540, used mimetically in the same period without semantic significance to uphold crests, and revived in mimetic form as an insignial helm in the 19th century

Comment:
A formal type of helm, also called the frog-faced helm and tilting helm, used in jousts from c. 1390 – c. 1540, used mimetically in the same period without semantic significance to uphold crests, and revived in mimetic form as an insignial helm in the 19th century


TermDef:
A formal type of helm, resembling the jousting-helm except in having a wider opening covered with a grill composed of three to seven vertical bars, commonly employed c. 1430 – c. 1530?  both in a usable and a mimetic form to uphold armorial crests, and retained in a mimetic form after 1530 in several national codes  as an insignial helm, usually indicative of high rank

Comment:
A formal type of helm, resembling the jousting-helm except in having a wider opening covered with a grill composed of three to seven vertical bars, commonly employed c. 1430 – c. 1530?  both in a usable and a mimetic form to uphold armorial crests, and retained in a mimetic form after 1530 in several national codes  as an insignial helm, usually indicative of high rank


TermDef:
A formal type of helm,  resembling the parade helm except in having a grate composed of both vertical and horizontal bars, and employed for the same range of purposes from c. 1430? to c. 1500?

Comment:
A formal type of helm,  resembling the parade helm except in having a grate composed of both vertical and horizontal bars, and employed for the same range of purposes from c. 1430? to c. 1500?


TermDef:
A formal type of helm, with wide, often visored head-piece, worn (over a bevor) from c. 1400 to c. 1520; its usable form was sometimes used to uphold an armorial crest, but it was only rarely used in mimetic form before its recent revival in Scotland

Comment:
A formal type of helm, with wide, often visored head-piece, worn (over a bevor) from c. 1400 to c. 1520; its usable form was sometimes used to uphold an armorial crest, but it was only rarely used in mimetic form before its recent revival in Scotland


TermDef:
A formal type of helm, fitted closely to the head, composed of a series of elements including a visor and bevor articulated at the same point over either ear, employed in a usable form in both military and ludic contexts from c. 1510 – c. 1650, and in a mimetic form to uphold an armorial crest or coronet, or as an insigne of rank, from c. 1530?

Comment:
A formal type of helm, fitted closely to the head, composed of a series of elements including a visor and bevor articulated at the same point over either ear, employed in a usable form in both military and ludic contexts from c. 1510 – c. 1650, and in a mimetic form to uphold an armorial crest or coronet, or as an insigne of rank, from c. 1530?


TermDef:
A quasi-mimetic version of the close-helmet, employed exclusively as a form of insignial helm since c. 1600 to represent medium nobiliary ranks in the French and French-inspired armorial systems

Comment:
A quasi-mimetic version of the close-helmet, employed exclusively as a form of insignial helm since c. 1600 to represent medium nobiliary ranks in the French and French-inspired armorial systems


TermDef:
A piece of fabric suspended from or covering the summit of the helm and hanging down behind or to either side of it

Comment:
A piece of fabric suspended from or covering the summit of the helm and hanging down behind or to either side of it


TermDef:
(Of the edges of clothing and helm-covers) Cut for decorative into any of a variety of scalloped patterns
(A typology of these patterns is given in a separate table)

Comment:
(Of the edges of clothing and helm-covers) Cut for decorative into any of a variety of scalloped patterns
(A typology of these patterns is given in a separate table)


TermDef:
(Of the edges of clothing and helm-covers) Not cut into any decorative pattern, continuous

Comment:
(Of the edges of clothing and helm-covers) Not cut into any decorative pattern, continuous


TermDef:
(Of the ends of helm-covers) Decorated with a single tassel

Comment:
(Of the ends of helm-covers) Decorated with a single tassel


TermDef:
A form of helm-cover in the form of a simple rectangle suspended either at one corner or at the centre from the summit of the helm; normally lacking either dags or tassels

Comment:
A form of helm-cover in the form of a simple rectangle suspended either at one corner or at the centre from the summit of the helm; normally lacking either dags or tassels


TermDef:
A helm-scarf of roughly square shape, normally suspended from the helm at one of its four corners, and hanging down the back of the helm

Comment:
A helm-scarf of roughly square shape, normally suspended from the helm at one of its four corners, and hanging down the back of the helm


TermDef:
A helm-scarf much longer than wide, suspended from the helm at the centre of its long side, and hanging to either side of the helm

Comment:
A helm-scarf much longer than wide, suspended from the helm at the centre of its long side, and hanging to either side of the helm


TermDef:
An elongate scarf in the form of a flat strip of cloth

Comment:
An elongate scarf in the form of a flat strip of cloth


TermDef:
An elongate scarf in the form of a loosely rolled strip of cloth

Comment:
An elongate scarf in the form of a loosely rolled strip of cloth


TermDef:
A form of helm-cover whose upper part is tailored to form a cap fitting closely over the upper part of the helm, and whose lower part or curtain is cut in such a way as to enclose the back half of the lower part of the helm, and possibly to fall well below its lower rim

Comment:
A form of helm-cover whose upper part is tailored to form a cap fitting closely over the upper part of the helm, and whose lower part or curtain is cut in such a way as to enclose the back half of the lower part of the helm, and possibly to fall well below its lower rim


TermDef:
A form of mantling whose curtain is undivided and does not fall much beyond the lower rim of the helm; often either perarmiferous or scutiferous on the outer side; p. c. 1380 normally dagged

Comment:
A form of mantling whose curtain is undivided and does not fall much beyond the lower rim of the helm; often either perarmiferous or scutiferous on the outer side; p. c. 1380 normally dagged


TermDef:
A form of mantelet with a short curtain, rounded at its lower edge

Comment:
A form of mantelet with a short curtain, rounded at its lower edge


TermDef:
A form of mantelet with a short curtain, tapering to a sharp point, and frequently tasselled

Comment:
A form of mantelet with a short curtain, tapering to a sharp point, and frequently tasselled


TermDef:
A form of mantling with a very large undivided and undagged curtain, falling well below the lower rim of the helm, and cut in the form of a mantle, with a straight lower edge and straight sides tapering toward the cap; often perarmiferous on the outer side

Comment:
A form of mantling with a very large undivided and undagged curtain, falling well below the lower rim of the helm, and cut in the form of a mantle, with a straight lower edge and straight sides tapering toward the cap; often perarmiferous on the outer side


TermDef:
A form of mantling whose curtain takes the form of one or more narrow tails, normally at least twice as long as the helm is deep, normally dagged, and sometimes tasselled

Comment:
A form of mantling whose curtain takes the form of one or more narrow tails, normally at least twice as long as the helm is deep, normally dagged, and sometimes tasselled


TermDef:
A lambrequin with a single tail, hanging at the back of the helm

Comment:
A lambrequin with a single tail, hanging at the back of the helm


TermDef:
A lambrequin with two tails, hanging down the sides of the helm, and in mimetic versions normally curved upward

Comment:
A lambrequin with two tails, hanging down the sides of the helm, and in mimetic versions normally curved upward


TermDef:
A lambrequin with four tails, hanging down both the sides and the back of the helm, and in mimetic versions shown with the front pair curved upwards and the back pair curved outwards and downwards

Comment:
A lambrequin with four tails, hanging down both the sides and the back of the helm, and in mimetic versions shown with the front pair curved upwards and the back pair curved outwards and downwards


TermDef:
A strictly iconic form of lambrequin with six tails

Comment:
A strictly iconic form of lambrequin with six tails


TermDef:
A strictly iconic form of lambrequin with an indefinite number of tails, shown swirling around the helm and shield

Comment:
A strictly iconic form of lambrequin with an indefinite number of tails, shown swirling around the helm and shield


TermDef:
A form of mantling of any of the last three types whose dagging is cut or represented to resemble acanthus leaves

Comment:
A form of mantling of any of the last three types whose dagging is cut or represented to resemble acanthus leaves


TermDef:
(Of helms) Having some sort of helm-cover

Comment:
(Of helms) Having some sort of helm-cover


TermDef:
(Of helms) Lacking any sort of helm-cover

Comment:
(Of helms) Lacking any sort of helm-cover


TermDef:
(Of helms) Having some sort of helm-mantling

Comment:
(Of helms) Having some sort of helm-mantling


TermDef:
(Of helms) Lacking any sort of helm-mantling

Comment:
(Of helms) Lacking any sort of helm-mantling


TermDef:
The armorial helm and the set of elements associated with it (crest, crest-base, and helm-cover)

Comment:
The armorial helm and the set of elements associated with it (crest, crest-base, and helm-cover)


TermDef:
Freestanding mimetic or quasi-mimetic figures set in armorial achievements in positions where they appear to hold up or support a shield or banner of arms, or the helm-complex, or both. In some kingdoms (especially those of the British Isles) given insignial significance as marks of relatively high rank or importance, and legally restricted to important armigers, in other kingdoms (including France) devoid of any such significance, and adopted and discarded at will.  Supporters may be divided into several classes on the basis of their semantic function, their form, their number, and their position in a standard achievement

Comment:
Freestanding mimetic or quasi-mimetic figures set in armorial achievements in positions where they appear to hold up or support a shield or banner of arms, or the helm-complex, or both. In some kingdoms (especially those of the British Isles) given insignial significance as marks of relatively high rank or importance, and legally restricted to important armigers, in other kingdoms (including France) devoid of any such significance, and adopted and discarded at will.  Supporters may be divided into several classes on the basis of their semantic function, their form, their number, and their position in a standard achievement


TermDef:
Types of supporter based on the semantic function or functions they perform

Comment:
Types of supporter based on the semantic function or functions they perform


TermDef:
Supporters introduced to fill spaces around an escutcheon or basic achievement in a decorative manner, and devoid of any emblematic or insignial function; taking a small number of distinct forms (mainly that of a wyvern), shared by many unrelated armigers

Comment:
Supporters introduced to fill spaces around an escutcheon or basic achievement in a decorative manner, and devoid of any emblematic or insignial function; taking a small number of distinct forms (mainly that of a wyvern), shared by many unrelated armigers


TermDef:
Supporters whose sole semantic function is to symbolize some characteristic claimed by the armiger; normally used without distinction by many unrelated armigers

Comment:
Supporters whose sole semantic function is to symbolize some characteristic claimed by the armiger; normally used without distinction by many unrelated armigers


TermDef:
Supporters whose distinctive form permits them to represent the identity of the armiger. Divisible into three subtypes on the basis of the degree of their emblematic distinctiveness.

Comment:
Supporters whose distinctive form permits them to represent the identity of the armiger. Divisible into three subtypes on the basis of the degree of their emblematic distinctiveness.


TermDef:
A supporter whose form is only minimally distinctive of its bearer’s identity, being shared by numerous unrelated armigers (A type common in continental armorial systems)

Comment:
A supporter whose form is only minimally distinctive of its bearer’s identity, being shared by numerous unrelated armigers (A type common in continental armorial systems)


TermDef:
A supporter whose form is distinctive of a particular patrilineage or association, but shared by some or all of its members (A type common in continental armorial systems)

Comment:
A supporter whose form is distinctive of a particular patrilineage or association, but shared by some or all of its members (A type common in continental armorial systems)


TermDef:
A supporter whose form is distinctive of a particular armiger, whether an individual person or an impersonal entity, in the former case either through restriction to the holder of a particular dignity or through differencing a patrilineal supporter (A type rare or unknown outside Britain, where it is always insignial)

Comment:
A supporter whose form is distinctive of a particular armiger, whether an individual person or an impersonal entity, in the former case either through restriction to the holder of a particular dignity or through differencing a patrilineal supporter (A type rare or unknown outside Britain, where it is always insignial)


TermDef:
A type of supporter that serves not only as sign of the identity of the armiger, but as a sign of the armiger’s general rank or importance in his, her, or its social category.  (A type normal in the British armorial systems, where in Scotland the emblematic type is conceptually multi-armigeral, and in England, Wales, and Ireland it is uni-armigeral)

Comment:
A type of supporter that serves not only as sign of the identity of the armiger, but as a sign of the armiger’s general rank or importance in his, her, or its social category.  (A type normal in the British armorial systems, where in Scotland the emblematic type is conceptually multi-armigeral, and in England, Wales, and Ireland it is uni-armigeral)


TermDef:
Types of supporter based on their general form and the consequent nature of their ‘support’ for the shield or helm

Comment:
Types of supporter based on their general form and the consequent nature of their ‘support’ for the shield or helm


TermDef:
An inanimate object, either natural or artificial, lacking any means of holding a shield or helm, and set in a lateroscutal position on one or both sides, in matched or unmatched pairs

Comment:
An inanimate object, either natural or artificial, lacking any means of holding a shield or helm, and set in a lateroscutal position on one or both sides, in matched or unmatched pairs


TermDef:
An inanimate supporter, natural or artificial, set in a postscutal position in an armorial achievement, and having the shield either suspended from it by a guige (typical of trees) or set on some sort of platform within it (typical of chairs)

Comment:
An inanimate supporter, natural or artificial, set in a postscutal position in an armorial achievement, and having the shield either suspended from it by a guige (typical of trees) or set on some sort of platform within it (typical of chairs)


TermDef:
A supporters in the form of an animate being, real or imaginary, including beasts, monsters, and anthropomorphic beings, capable of holding a shield or helm in a paw, fin, or hand, and thus depicted in an armorial achievement, either a postscutal or lateroscutal position, in a set of one or two, the latter either matched or unmatched

Comment:
A supporters in the form of an animate being, real or imaginary, including beasts, monsters, and anthropomorphic beings, capable of holding a shield or helm in a paw, fin, or hand, and thus depicted in an armorial achievement, either a postscutal or lateroscutal position, in a set of one or two, the latter either matched or unmatched


ENterm:
numerical, dispositional, and distinctional modes

TermDef:
Modes of usage based on the number, the disposition, and the number of distinct forms of the supporters employed in a particular achievement

Comment:
Modes of usage based on the number, the disposition, and the number of distinct forms of the supporters employed in a particular achievement


TermDef:
The use of a single supporter, in any of four positions

Comment:
The use of a single supporter, in any of four positions


TermDef:
Set to one side of the shield, as a flanker or holder

Comment:
Set to one side of the shield, as a flanker or holder


TermDef:
Set below an armorial flag, and supporting its staff as a holder

Comment:
Set below an armorial flag, and supporting its staff as a holder


TermDef:
The use of two supporters, set to either side of the shield

Comment:
The use of two supporters, set to either side of the shield


TermDef:
The use of two supporters of precisely the same form
(the normal mode in many continental countries)

Comment:
The use of two supporters of precisely the same form
(the normal mode in many continental countries)


TermDef:
The use of two supporters of more or less different form
(a common mode in some eastern European countries, and the most common mode in the British Isles)

Comment:
The use of two supporters of more or less different form
(a common mode in some eastern European countries, and the most common mode in the British Isles)


TermDef:
The use of three supporters of two or three distinct forms, one set postscutally and the other two lateroscutally

Comment:
The use of three supporters of two or three distinct forms, one set postscutally and the other two lateroscutally


TermDef:
The use of four supporters, of from two to four distinct forms, normally set lateroscutally with an upper and a lower pair (a mode sometimes found in the fourteenth century, but rare since 1400? and unknown since 1500?

Comment:
The use of four supporters, of from two to four distinct forms, normally set lateroscutally with an upper and a lower pair (a mode sometimes found in the fourteenth century, but rare since 1400? and unknown since 1500?


TermDef:
The types of object, if any, on which the supporters themselves are represented as standing, swimming, floating, or the like

Comment:
The types of object, if any, on which the supporters themselves are represented as standing, swimming, floating, or the like


TermDef:
A term for notionally necessary foundation that is not actually represented in a particular realization of an achievement; the supporters may be said to be invisibly founded

Comment:
A term for notionally necessary foundation that is not actually represented in a particular realization of an achievement; the supporters may be said to be invisibly founded


FRterm:
fondement contextuel (sigillaire, nummal, etc.)

TermDef:
A type of foundation in the form of a rim or ledge inherent in a containing context like a seal, coin, medal, niche or the like; the supporters may be described as contextually founded on the rim, etc.

Comment:
A type of foundation in the form of a rim or ledge inherent in a containing context like a seal, coin, medal, niche or the like; the supporters may be described as contextually founded on the rim, etc.


TermDef:
A form of foundation in the form of a motto-scroll or garland included in an armorial achievement; the supporters may be described as precariously founded on a scroll, etc.

Comment:
A form of foundation in the form of a motto-scroll or garland included in an armorial achievement; the supporters may be described as precariously founded on a scroll, etc.


TermDef:
A form of foundation deliberately introduced into the conceptualization or realization of an achievement to 
uphold the supporters; divisible into conceptual and realizational types

Comment:
A form of foundation deliberately introduced into the conceptualization or realization of an achievement to 
uphold the supporters; divisible into conceptual and realizational types


TermDef:
A compartment in the form of a cloud or pair of clouds, employed to uphold supporters capable of flying 
through the air (principally angels and saints)

Comment:
A compartment in the form of a cloud or pair of clouds, employed to uphold supporters capable of flying 
through the air (principally angels and saints)


TermDef:
A compartment in the form of a patch of water, employed to uphold supporters associated with water (fish, ships, etc.)

Comment:
A compartment in the form of a patch of water, employed to uphold supporters associated with water (fish, ships, etc.)


TermDef:
A compartment in the form of a mound, platform, or comparable solid structure, employed to uphold terrestrial supporters of all types

Comment:
A compartment in the form of a mound, platform, or comparable solid structure, employed to uphold terrestrial supporters of all types


TermDef:
A compartment in the form of a mound, usually grassy

Comment:
A compartment in the form of a mound, usually grassy


TermDef:
A compartment in the form of an architectural platform

Comment:
A compartment in the form of an architectural platform


TermDef:
A compartment in the form of a strapwork construction

Comment:
A compartment in the form of a strapwork construction


TermDef:
A compartment in the form of a metal scrollwork construction

Comment:
A compartment in the form of a metal scrollwork construction


TermDef:
A compound armorial sign centred on the arms (usually overlying an escutcheon) and including at least one other armorial sign of at least one other species, either emblematic or insignial. From an early date in its history, c. 1295, the achievement could take either an emblematic or an insignial form, and from c. 1430 could take a mixed form as well. From about the latter date different types may be distinguished on the basis of the number of elements of either type that were included, from a basic to a great type.  The original and basic emblematic form of achievement was displayed in both the primary and the secondary mode, but the latter was much more common, and was the only mode in which all insignial types and all more complex emblematic types of achievement were displayed.

Comment:
A compound armorial sign centred on the arms (usually overlying an escutcheon) and including at least one other armorial sign of at least one other species, either emblematic or insignial. From an early date in its history, c. 1295, the achievement could take either an emblematic or an insignial form, and from c. 1430 could take a mixed form as well. From about the latter date different types may be distinguished on the basis of the number of elements of either type that were included, from a basic to a great type.  The original and basic emblematic form of achievement was displayed in both the primary and the secondary mode, but the latter was much more common, and was the only mode in which all insignial types and all more complex emblematic types of achievement were displayed.


TermDef:
Pertaining to, characteristic of, or having the nature of an armorial achievement

Comment:
Pertaining to, characteristic of, or having the nature of an armorial achievement


TermDef:
(Of contexts) Bearing on its surface one or more representations of an armorial achievement

Comment:
(Of contexts) Bearing on its surface one or more representations of an armorial achievement


TermDef:
An achievement in which the arms are displayed on an escutcheon of some form, normally set on the vertical axis of the design, 
and below the horizontal axis

Comment:
An achievement in which the arms are displayed on an escutcheon of some form, normally set on the vertical axis of the design, 
and below the horizontal axis


TermDef:
An achievement in which a mimetic tabard replaces the escutcheon as the context for the arms (mainly 16th century)

Comment:
An achievement in which a mimetic tabard replaces the escutcheon as the context for the arms (mainly 16th century)


TermDef:
An achievement in which the arms are set on a bannerelle, supported by a beast (which may be a para-armorial badge) 
that may itself be wearing a crested helm (14th – 16th century)

Comment:
An achievement in which the arms are set on a bannerelle, supported by a beast (which may be a para-armorial badge) 
that may itself be wearing a crested helm (14th – 16th century)


TermDef:
A general type of achievement whose semantically significant elements (excepting after c. 1600 the helm) are exclusively emblematic in function (from c. 1290)

Comment:
A general type of achievement whose semantically significant elements (excepting after c. 1600 the helm) are exclusively emblematic in function (from c. 1290)


TermDef:
An emblematic achievement in which an armiferous escutcheon is surmounted by a crested helm, possibly bearing a chromatically emblematic crest-base and lambrequin (and after c. 1480 often accompanied in many western countries by one or more scrolls, each bearing a motto or war-cry)

Comment:
An emblematic achievement in which an armiferous escutcheon is surmounted by a crested helm, possibly bearing a chromatically emblematic crest-base and lambrequin (and after c. 1480 often accompanied in many western countries by one or more scrolls, each bearing a motto or war-cry)


TermDef:
An emblematic achievement including, in addition to the elements of the basic achievement, one or more emblematic supporters and minor badges, possibly set on an emblematic compartment

Comment:
An emblematic achievement including, in addition to the elements of the basic achievement, one or more emblematic supporters and minor badges, possibly set on an emblematic compartment


TermDef:
A general type of achievement whose semantically significant elements (excepting the arms) are exclusively insignial in function (from c. 1295)

Comment:
A general type of achievement whose semantically significant elements (excepting the arms) are exclusively insignial in function (from c. 1295)


TermDef:
An insignial achievement in which the arms is accompanied only by the insigne or insignia representing a single particular status (e.g., a regal crown, ducal bonnet, mitre, ecclesiastical hat, crozier, or chivalric collar) (from c. 1295)

Comment:
An insignial achievement in which the arms is accompanied only by the insigne or insignia representing a single particular status (e.g., a regal crown, ducal bonnet, mitre, ecclesiastical hat, crozier, or chivalric collar) (from c. 1295)


TermDef:
An insignial achievement in which the arms are accompanied by one or more of the insignia of two or more of the more important 
statuses held by the armiger (e.g., by a crown and collar or insigne of a chivalric order)

Comment:
An insignial achievement in which the arms are accompanied by one or more of the insignia of two or more of the more important 
statuses held by the armiger (e.g., by a crown and collar or insigne of a chivalric order)


TermDef:
An insignial achievement in which the escutcheon is accompanied by all of the insignia of all of the important statuses

Comment:
An insignial achievement in which the escutcheon is accompanied by all of the insignia of all of the important statuses


TermDef:
An achievement in which the arms are accompanied by one or more additional emblems and one or more insignia

Comment:
An achievement in which the arms are accompanied by one or more additional emblems and one or more insignia


TermDef:
The simplest form of mixed achievement used by an armiger with the right to employ a complex achievement, typically consisting of a shield of arms, surmounted by a crested helm, surrounded by a collar

Comment:
The simplest form of mixed achievement used by an armiger with the right to employ a complex achievement, typically consisting of a shield of arms, surmounted by a crested helm, surrounded by a collar


TermDef:
An intermediate form of mixed achievement, used by an armiger with the right to employ a very complex achievement, typically adding to the lesser version a pair of supporters with a compartment, and sometimes replacing the crested helm with a crown or comparable form of capital insigne

Comment:
An intermediate form of mixed achievement, used by an armiger with the right to employ a very complex achievement, typically adding to the lesser version a pair of supporters with a compartment, and sometimes replacing the crested helm with a crown or comparable form of capital insigne


TermDef:
The fullest form of mixed achievement commonly used by an armiger with the right to a very complex achievement, typically including all of the major emblems and all but the less important insignia

Comment:
The fullest form of mixed achievement commonly used by an armiger with the right to a very complex achievement, typically including all of the major emblems and all but the less important insignia


TermDef:
A notional form of achievement including all of the armorial signs to which an armiger has a right

Comment:
A notional form of achievement including all of the armorial signs to which an armiger has a right


TermDef:
A great achievement including supporters and often including a compartment

Comment:
A great achievement including supporters and often including a compartment


TermDef:
A supported achievement lacking a mantle or pavilion

Comment:
A supported achievement lacking a mantle or pavilion


TermDef:
A supported achievement augmented with a mantle or pavilion

Comment:
A supported achievement augmented with a mantle or pavilion


TermDef:
A greater or full form of achievement including a mantle, and often including supporters and a compartment

Comment:
A greater or full form of achievement including a mantle, and often including supporters and a compartment


TermDef:
A greater or full form of achievement including a crowned pavilion, and almost invariably supporters and a great gonfanon

Comment:
A greater or full form of achievement including a crowned pavilion, and almost invariably supporters and a great gonfanon


TermDef:
The different positions that various associated signs (both emblematic and insignial) may take in relation to an armiferous escutcheon in any context, but especially in an achievement

Comment:
The different positions that various associated signs (both emblematic and insignial) may take in relation to an armiferous escutcheon in any context, but especially in an achievement


TermDef:
Above but not resting on the upper margin of the escutcheon, and above a suprascutal sign if one is present

Comment:
Above but not resting on the upper margin of the escutcheon, and above a suprascutal sign if one is present


TermDef:
Resting on the upper margin of the escutcheon

Comment:
Resting on the upper margin of the escutcheon


TermDef:
Set to one or both sides of an escutcheon

Comment:
Set to one or both sides of an escutcheon


TermDef:
Suspended from behind or below the base-point of an escutcheon

Comment:
Suspended from behind or below the base-point of an escutcheon


TermDef:
Set behind an escutcheon, and partially concealed by it

Comment:
Set behind an escutcheon, and partially concealed by it


TermDef:
Set above the timbre, or upper division of the achievement

Comment:
Set above the timbre, or upper division of the achievement


TermDef:
Set behind the timbre, and partially concealed by it

Comment:
Set behind the timbre, and partially concealed by it


TermDef:
(Of mantles and pavilions) Set behind the standard achievement

Comment:
(Of mantles and pavilions) Set behind the standard achievement


TermDef:
The modes of displaying insignia determined by the number of examples of each type included in the achievement

Comment:
The modes of displaying insignia determined by the number of examples of each type included in the achievement


TermDef:
Used alone, usually postscutally and palewise or (when two distinct insignia are displayed) fesswise and fesswise sinister

Comment:
Used alone, usually postscutally and palewise or (when two distinct insignia are displayed) fesswise and fesswise sinister


TermDef:
Used in a balanced pair: latero-scutally (palewise, pilewise), postscutally (saltirewise), infrascutally (addorsed

Comment:
Used in a balanced pair: latero-scutally (palewise, pilewise), postscutally (saltirewise), infrascutally (addorsed


TermDef:
Used in a set of three, one superscutal and two lateroscutal

Comment:
Used in a set of three, one superscutal and two lateroscutal


TermDef:
Used in a set of five, set circumscutally

Comment:
Used in a set of five, set circumscutally


TermDef:
The different parts of a complex scutocentric achievement, defined on the basis of their position in relation to the major armories

Comment:
The different parts of a complex scutocentric achievement, defined on the basis of their position in relation to the major armories


TermDef:
The arms, considered as an emblem distinct from its underlier, the escutcheon or bannerelle

Comment:
The arms, considered as an emblem distinct from its underlier, the escutcheon or bannerelle


TermDef:
The underlier of the arms, and all other lesser armories, divided into upper, lower, and containing divisions

Comment:
The underlier of the arms, and all other lesser armories, divided into upper, lower, and containing divisions


TermDef:
The uppermost division of the standard achievement, consisting of the elements set entirely above the escutcheon, listed below

Comment:
The uppermost division of the standard achievement, consisting of the elements set entirely above the escutcheon, listed below


TermDef:
The helm and its attached elements, as defined above

Comment:
The helm and its attached elements, as defined above


TermDef:
The scroll or scrolls on which a motto and (or) war-cry are written, normally set (if in the upper achievement) above the crest

Comment:
The scroll or scrolls on which a motto and (or) war-cry are written, normally set (if in the upper achievement) above the crest


TermDef:
The insignial headgear set above the crest, including clerical hats of all grades and in some codes princely and parial coronets

Comment:
The insignial headgear set above the crest, including clerical hats of all grades and in some codes princely and parial coronets


TermDef:
The insignial headgear set on the upper rim of the shield, below the helm (if present), and including most crowns, coronets, and caps

Comment:
The insignial headgear set on the upper rim of the shield, below the helm (if present), and including most crowns, coronets, and caps


TermDef:
The division of the standard achievement below the timbre, consisting principally of the scutal and supporter complexes

Comment:
The division of the standard achievement below the timbre, consisting principally of the scutal and supporter complexes


TermDef:
The escutcheon and the insignia and emblems set behind and immediately around it

Comment:
The escutcheon and the insignia and emblems set behind and immediately around it


TermDef:
The underlier of the arms, sometimes indicative of gender

Comment:
The underlier of the arms, sometimes indicative of gender


TermDef:
Insignial swords, processional crosses, batons, flags, crosses, stars, etc., set behind the escutcheon and emerging on two or more sides

Comment:
Insignial swords, processional crosses, batons, flags, crosses, stars, etc., set behind the escutcheon and emerging on two or more sides


TermDef:
Insignial swords, flags, staves, keys, and the like set palewise to either side of the escutcheon

Comment:
Insignial swords, flags, staves, keys, and the like set palewise to either side of the escutcheon


TermDef:
Insignial collars, ribbons, rosaries, and the like encircling all or most of the escutcheon

Comment:
Insignial collars, ribbons, rosaries, and the like encircling all or most of the escutcheon


TermDef:
The minor badges of orders,  decorations, and other such insignia suspended from behind the base of the escutcheon

Comment:
The minor badges of orders,  decorations, and other such insignia suspended from behind the base of the escutcheon


TermDef:
The insignia of certain curial and regnal offices, in the form of symbolic objects set in an addorsed manner below the escutcheon

Comment:
The insignia of certain curial and regnal offices, in the form of symbolic objects set in an addorsed manner below the escutcheon


TermDef:
A simplex supporter set behind the shield and emerging beyond it on all sides

Comment:
A simplex supporter set behind the shield and emerging beyond it on all sides


TermDef:
Lateroscutal supporters, an infrascutal compartment, and badges and set on the compartment

Comment:
Lateroscutal supporters, an infrascutal compartment, and badges and set on the compartment


TermDef:
One or two scrolls, each bearing a motto, set below the escutcheon, on or below the compartment if one is present

Comment:
One or two scrolls, each bearing a motto, set below the escutcheon, on or below the compartment if one is present


TermDef:
An iconic mantle or pavilion set behind the whole standard achievement, with its normal complex of associated insignia and emblems

Comment:
An iconic mantle or pavilion set behind the whole standard achievement, with its normal complex of associated insignia and emblems


TermDef:
An iconic mantle either representing that worn by a prince of a certain order and country or the particular dignity of the armiger

Comment:
An iconic mantle either representing that worn by a prince of a certain order and country or the particular dignity of the armiger


TermDef:
An iconic pavilion, representing a combination of the mantle, cloth of estate, and state tent of the armiger, always a king or emperor, and composed of a baldachin and a curtain of red or gold cloth, held open with cords to reveal its lining, commonly ermine

Comment:
An iconic pavilion, representing a combination of the mantle, cloth of estate, and state tent of the armiger, always a king or emperor, and composed of a baldachin and a curtain of red or gold cloth, held open with cords to reveal its lining, commonly ermine


TermDef:
A large representation of the armiger’s crown or cap of estate, set at the summit of the baldachin

Comment:
A large representation of the armiger’s crown or cap of estate, set at the summit of the baldachin


TermDef:
A double-tailed gonfanon bearing some form of emblem, set behind the pavilion at the centre and visible above the crown

Comment:
A double-tailed gonfanon bearing some form of emblem, set behind the pavilion at the centre and visible above the crown


TermDef:
A set of two or more banners visible to either side of the baldachin

Comment:
A set of two or more banners visible to either side of the baldachin


TermDef:
A particular collection of arms, crests, or achievements, normally arranged by armiger, intended as an illustration of some account or (more commonly) as an unofficial record of some armorial corpus for the use of the compiler. (To be distinguished from an official ARMORIAL REGISTER)

Comment:
A particular collection of arms, crests, or achievements, normally arranged by armiger, intended as an illustration of some account or (more commonly) as an unofficial record of some armorial corpus for the use of the compiler. (To be distinguished from an official ARMORIAL REGISTER)


TermDef:
Types of armorial defined on the combined basis of the manner and media in which they were produced

Comment:
Types of armorial defined on the combined basis of the manner and media in which they were produced


TermDef:
An armorial composed exclusively of a series of descriptions in the language of blazon, always set in a paginal context

Comment:
An armorial composed exclusively of a series of descriptions in the language of blazon, always set in a paginal context


TermDef:
An armorial composed exclusively of a series of monochromatic representations, typically in ink, in which the tinctures may be indicated in a conventional way; always set in a paginal context

Comment:
An armorial composed exclusively of a series of monochromatic representations, typically in ink, in which the tinctures may be indicated in a conventional way; always set in a paginal context


TermDef:
A monochromatic armorial in which the tinctures are indicated by tricking, or abbreviations of the tincture names

Comment:
A monochromatic armorial in which the tinctures are indicated by tricking, or abbreviations of the tincture names


TermDef:
A monochromatic armorial in which the tinctures are indicated by hatching, or patterns of lines and points representing tinctures

Comment:
A monochromatic armorial in which the tinctures are indicated by hatching, or patterns of lines and points representing tinctures


TermDef:
An armorial composed exclusively of a series of polychromatic representations, in any medium, on any surface

Comment:
An armorial composed exclusively of a series of polychromatic representations, in any medium, on any surface


TermDef:
An armorial in which the emblems are represented in paint

Comment:
An armorial in which the emblems are represented in paint


TermDef:
An armorial with emblems painted on parchment or paper

Comment:
An armorial with emblems painted on parchment or paper


TermDef:
An armorial with emblems painted on wooden panels or beams

Comment:
An armorial with emblems painted on wooden panels or beams


TermDef:
An armorial with emblems painted on carved stone bosses etc.

Comment:
An armorial with emblems painted on carved stone bosses etc.


TermDef:
An armorial with emblems painted on plaster walls or ceilings

Comment:
An armorial with emblems painted on plaster walls or ceilings


TermDef:
An armorial in which the emblems are represented in a stained-glass window or set of windows

Comment:
An armorial in which the emblems are represented in a stained-glass window or set of windows


TermDef:
An armorial in which the emblems are represented both in a painted and in a blazoned form

Comment:
An armorial in which the emblems are represented both in a painted and in a blazoned form


TermDef:
Types of armorial defined on the basis of the particular species of emblem they include: arms, crests, or achievements

Comment:
Types of armorial defined on the basis of the particular species of emblem they include: arms, crests, or achievements


TermDef:
An armorial composed entirely or primarily of arms

Comment:
An armorial composed entirely or primarily of arms


TermDef:
An armorial composed entirely or primarily of crests

Comment:
An armorial composed entirely or primarily of crests


TermDef:
An armorial composed entirely or primarily of achievements

Comment:
An armorial composed entirely or primarily of achievements


TermDef:
Types of armorial defined on the basis of the category of armigers they include, arranged on any of several principles

Comment:
Types of armorial defined on the basis of the category of armigers they include, arranged on any of several principles


TermDef:
A type of armorial representing armigers mentioned in an historical or literary account, and arranged in narrative order

Comment:
A type of armorial representing armigers mentioned in an historical or literary account, and arranged in narrative order


TermDef:
A type of armorial representing individual armigers present on a particular occasion, usually either a muster or a tournament

Comment:
A type of armorial representing individual armigers present on a particular occasion, usually either a muster or a tournament


TermDef:
A type of armorial representing armigers belonging to an institution, especially a confraternity, order, or assembly, and normally arranged by date of admission

Comment:
A type of armorial representing armigers belonging to an institution, especially a confraternity, order, or assembly, and normally arranged by date of admission


TermDef:
A type of armorial representing individuals, lineages, jurisdictions, and (or) corporate bodies within a geographical area, and normally arranged by rank and by region

Comment:
A type of armorial representing individuals, lineages, jurisdictions, and (or) corporate bodies within a geographical area, and normally arranged by rank and by region


TermDef:
An armorial restricted to an area like a county or duchy

Comment:
An armorial restricted to an area like a county or duchy


TermDef:
An armorial restricted to a single kingdom or comparable domain

Comment:
An armorial restricted to a single kingdom or comparable domain


TermDef:
An armorial restricted to a set of several adjacent kingdoms

Comment:
An armorial restricted to a set of several adjacent kingdoms


TermDef:
An armorial in principle including the known world

Comment:
An armorial in principle including the known world


TermDef:
An armal armorial organized by the form of the design rather than the identity of the armiger, to allow the identification (a type peculiar to England before 1530)

Comment:
An armal armorial organized by the form of the design rather than the identity of the armiger, to allow the identification (a type peculiar to England before 1530)


TermDef:
The family of emblems created in England, France, and Italy between c. 1330 and c. 1390, (i) whose principal species were the badge, the motto, and the set of colours, (ii) all of which were normally realized in an iconic form, (iii) were subject to a code both less formalized and permitting more variety and flexibility in the form, use, and combination of species than the armorial code, (iv) were used primarily to represent some form of dependence on, or relationship to, the emblematiger (always in practice an armiger), and (v) were often displayed in an informal association with armorial signs, especially as flankers or supporters, and as elements of para-armorial flag-designs. They are divisible into two types on the basis of use and three types on the basis of form. (Several of the original species of the family were assimilated into the armorial family between 1450 and 1550.)

Comment:
The family of emblems created in England, France, and Italy between c. 1330 and c. 1390, (i) whose principal species were the badge, the motto, and the set of colours, (ii) all of which were normally realized in an iconic form, (iii) were subject to a code both less formalized and permitting more variety and flexibility in the form, use, and combination of species than the armorial code, (iv) were used primarily to represent some form of dependence on, or relationship to, the emblematiger (always in practice an armiger), and (v) were often displayed in an informal association with armorial signs, especially as flankers or supporters, and as elements of para-armorial flag-designs. They are divisible into two types on the basis of use and three types on the basis of form. (Several of the original species of the family were assimilated into the armorial family between 1450 and 1550.)


TermDef:
A species of emblem, or an example of such a species, belonging to the para-armorial family. 
The full set of species and subspecies is set forth below.

Comment:
A species of emblem, or an example of such a species, belonging to the para-armorial family. 
The full set of species and subspecies is set forth below.


TermDef:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a para-armory or para-armories

Comment:
Pertaining to or having the nature of a para-armory or para-armories


TermDef:
Types of para-armorial emblems defined on the basis of the purpose for which they were used by the emblematiger, and the type of emblematifer to whom they were given

Comment:
Types of para-armorial emblems defined on the basis of the purpose for which they were used by the emblematiger, and the type of emblematifer to whom they were given


TermDef:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem employed by a lord or lady to mark the liveries he gave to the members of his household and affinity, and worn in different materials and combinations by his or her (i) servants (domestic, demesnial, or governmental), (ii) retainers (indentured or merely sworn), and (iii) allies; (iv) also displayed on the para-armorial flags, pavilions, ludic and military surcoats and horse-trappers of, and monuments and memorials to the emblematiger, and finally (v) used to mark the property of the emblematiger, in combination with or in place of armorial emblems. Historically this category included emblems of all of the formal types set out below.

Comment:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem employed by a lord or lady to mark the liveries he gave to the members of his household and affinity, and worn in different materials and combinations by his or her (i) servants (domestic, demesnial, or governmental), (ii) retainers (indentured or merely sworn), and (iii) allies; (iv) also displayed on the para-armorial flags, pavilions, ludic and military surcoats and horse-trappers of, and monuments and memorials to the emblematiger, and finally (v) used to mark the property of the emblematiger, in combination with or in place of armorial emblems. Historically this category included emblems of all of the formal types set out below.


TermDef:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem adopted as the sign of membership in some sort of corporate body, especially from c. 1330 a confraternity of some type, including those nobiliary confraternities commonly called ‘orders of chivalry’. Historically this type was composed almost exclusively of colours, badges, and devices, displayed either singly or (from c. 1390) combined in collars.

Comment:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem adopted as the sign of membership in some sort of corporate body, especially from c. 1330 a confraternity of some type, including those nobiliary confraternities commonly called ‘orders of chivalry’. Historically this type was composed almost exclusively of colours, badges, and devices, displayed either singly or (from c. 1390) combined in collars.


TermDef:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem adopted as the sign of membership in a pseudo-order, or informally constituted association of noble persons, whether cliental, honorific, or peregrine. Historically this type was composed primarily of badges and devices, displayed either singly or (from c. 1390) combined in collars.

Comment:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem adopted as the sign of membership in a pseudo-order, or informally constituted association of noble persons, whether cliental, honorific, or peregrine. Historically this type was composed primarily of badges and devices, displayed either singly or (from c. 1390) combined in collars.


TermDef:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem associated either exclusively or almost exclusively with the person of the emblematiger himself or herself, displayed on his or her own clothing, hangings, horse-trappers, and the like, and associated with his or her arms. 
Historically this category included emblems of all of the formal types set out below, except the chromatic.

Comment:
A usage-type of para-armorial emblem associated either exclusively or almost exclusively with the person of the emblematiger himself or herself, displayed on his or her own clothing, hangings, horse-trappers, and the like, and associated with his or her arms. 
Historically this category included emblems of all of the formal types set out below, except the chromatic.


FRterm:
types formels (espèces conventionnelles et semi-conventionelles)

TermDef:
Any of the cultural-conventional or comparable types of para-armory, distinguished primarily by their formal characteristics. All of the terms attached to them here are historical, but a number of them have been assigned more precise senses than they bore when they were in common use, and have been attached to one rather than several formal types of emblem

Comment:
Any of the cultural-conventional or comparable types of para-armory, distinguished primarily by their formal characteristics. All of the terms attached to them here are historical, but a number of them have been assigned more precise senses than they bore when they were in common use, and have been attached to one rather than several formal types of emblem


TermDef:
A species of para-armory of a strictly chromatic nature, consisting of nothing more than a set of from one to five distinct colours, (including the two ‘metals’ and five ‘colours’ of armory, and two or three additional colours or ‘stains’), normally displayed on uniforms, hangings, flags, and trappers, in a pattern of vertical or horizontal panels or stripes, normally of equal width and arranged in the orders A-B, A-B-A, A-B-A-B, A-B-C, A-B-C-A-B-C-, A-B-C-D, etc.

Comment:
A species of para-armory of a strictly chromatic nature, consisting of nothing more than a set of from one to five distinct colours, (including the two ‘metals’ and five ‘colours’ of armory, and two or three additional colours or ‘stains’), normally displayed on uniforms, hangings, flags, and trappers, in a pattern of vertical or horizontal panels or stripes, normally of equal width and arranged in the orders A-B, A-B-A, A-B-A-B, A-B-C, A-B-C-A-B-C-, A-B-C-D, etc.


FRterm:
badge para-armorial (de livrée ou personnel)

TermDef:
A species of para-armory of a chromato-figural nature, consisting of a figure or set of connected figures similar to the types used in the designs of classic armorial crests, and having similarly fixed tinctures, but (in the case of animate figures) lacking a fixed orientation and disposition;  normally conceptually freestanding, but normally displayed against a background of the livery-colour or colours. Subdivisible on the basis of form and usage into three general types: 
(i) object-badges, 
(ii) plant-badges, and 
(iii) animate badges

Comment:
A species of para-armory of a chromato-figural nature, consisting of a figure or set of connected figures similar to the types used in the designs of classic armorial crests, and having similarly fixed tinctures, but (in the case of animate figures) lacking a fixed orientation and disposition;  normally conceptually freestanding, but normally displayed against a background of the livery-colour or colours. Subdivisible on the basis of form and usage into three general types: 
(i) object-badges, 
(ii) plant-badges, and 
(iii) animate badges


TermDef:
A badge in the form of an inanimate object, either (a) natural (a sun, moon, star, cloud, feather, heart, or the like) or (b) artificial (a mast, sail, arrow, yoke, caltrap, portcullis, mantle, or the like), the whole either (c) simple or (d) augmented by an associated pool of water, a cloud, rays of light, or the like;  primarily displayed on livery-uniforms, flags, and collars, but sometimes used as flankers to arms, or strewn on a compartment in the form of a grassy mound

Comment:
A badge in the form of an inanimate object, either (a) natural (a sun, moon, star, cloud, feather, heart, or the like) or (b) artificial (a mast, sail, arrow, yoke, caltrap, portcullis, mantle, or the like), the whole either (c) simple or (d) augmented by an associated pool of water, a cloud, rays of light, or the like;  primarily displayed on livery-uniforms, flags, and collars, but sometimes used as flankers to arms, or strewn on a compartment in the form of a grassy mound


TermDef:
A badge in the form of a whole  plant, or some part of a plant (a rooted stock, trunk, branch, leaved stem, leaved stem with one or more flowers or fruit or both, a leaf alone, or a flower alone), normally in its proper tinctures, the whole either (a) simple or (b) augmented by a pool of water, a cloud, rays of light, or the like; primarily displayed before 1500 in the same contexts as object-badges; later also displayed growing from a compartment, and in that case sometimes flanking the arms

Comment:
A badge in the form of a whole  plant, or some part of a plant (a rooted stock, trunk, branch, leaved stem, leaved stem with one or more flowers or fruit or both, a leaf alone, or a flower alone), normally in its proper tinctures, the whole either (a) simple or (b) augmented by a pool of water, a cloud, rays of light, or the like; primarily displayed before 1500 in the same contexts as object-badges; later also displayed growing from a compartment, and in that case sometimes flanking the arms


TermDef:
A badge in the form of the whole body of a living creature, real or imaginary, whether (a) anthropomorphic, (b) hemi-anthropomorphic, or (c) theriomorphic (mammalian, avian, reptilian, piscine, or invertebrate, natural, mythical, or hybridized), those of the first two subtypes often clothed in a specified manner and (or) assigned a flag-staff to hole, those of the third often assigned a crown, collar, chain, sword, sceptre, flag, or other symbolic object. The third subtype (which may also be called a beast-badge) was always the most common.  All animate badges were always assigned a fixed set of para-armorial tinctures (including proper), but not normally assigned any particular attitude or orientation. From c. 1360 badges of this type were commonly used to support arms.

Comment:
A badge in the form of the whole body of a living creature, real or imaginary, whether (a) anthropomorphic, (b) hemi-anthropomorphic, or (c) theriomorphic (mammalian, avian, reptilian, piscine, or invertebrate, natural, mythical, or hybridized), those of the first two subtypes often clothed in a specified manner and (or) assigned a flag-staff to hole, those of the third often assigned a crown, collar, chain, sword, sceptre, flag, or other symbolic object. The third subtype (which may also be called a beast-badge) was always the most common.  All animate badges were always assigned a fixed set of para-armorial tinctures (including proper), but not normally assigned any particular attitude or orientation. From c. 1360 badges of this type were commonly used to support arms.


ENterm:
(livery- or personal para-armorial) motto

FRterm:
mot para-armorial (de livrée ou personnel)

TermDef:
A para-armorial emblem in the form of a single word, phrase, or short sentence, expressing (often in a cryptic manner) some sentiment or position claimed by the emblematiger, usually of an amatory, military, or political nature, and long represented in formal and often decorative letters. Its constituent letters may or may not be assigned a particular tincture or set of tinctures, so that two distinct chromatic types may be distinguished:  (a) chromatically fixed and (b) chromatically unfixed.
Mottoes may also be divided into two contextual types —(c) freestanding and (d) contained — and represented in any of three types of context.

Comment:
A para-armorial emblem in the form of a single word, phrase, or short sentence, expressing (often in a cryptic manner) some sentiment or position claimed by the emblematiger, usually of an amatory, military, or political nature, and long represented in formal and often decorative letters. Its constituent letters may or may not be assigned a particular tincture or set of tinctures, so that two distinct chromatic types may be distinguished:  (a) chromatically fixed and (b) chromatically unfixed.
Mottoes may also be divided into two contextual types —(c) freestanding and (d) contained — and represented in any of three types of context.


TermDef:
A contextual type of motto that is not contained by any sort of
 scroll or panel, but set directly on the same kinds of background as a badge would be (usually a field of the livery colours)

Comment:
A contextual type of motto that is not contained by any sort of
 scroll or panel, but set directly on the same kinds of background as a badge would be (usually a field of the livery colours)


TermDef:
A contextual type of motto that is composed of letters that are contained by scroll, pair of scrolls, or panel, and in the case of the scroll or scrolls, are represented following its or their contours.

Comment:
A contextual type of motto that is composed of letters that are contained by scroll, pair of scrolls, or panel, and in the case of the scroll or scrolls, are represented following its or their contours.


TermDef:
A container in the form of a narrow strip of parchment or fabric, on which all or part of a motto is set.  It is normally represented as sinuously curved in either a (a) symmetrical or (b) asymmetrical manner, and its two ends are normally either (c) scrolled or 
(d) split into two triangular tails, which may be (1) short or  (2) more or less elongated. Like the motto set upon it, it may also be either (e) chromatically fixed or (f) chromatically unfixed; in the latter case it is usually represented in the proper colour of parchment.

Comment:
A container in the form of a narrow strip of parchment or fabric, on which all or part of a motto is set.  It is normally represented as sinuously curved in either a (a) symmetrical or (b) asymmetrical manner, and its two ends are normally either (c) scrolled or 
(d) split into two triangular tails, which may be (1) short or  (2) more or less elongated. Like the motto set upon it, it may also be either (e) chromatically fixed or (f) chromatically unfixed; in the latter case it is usually represented in the proper colour of parchment.


TermDef:
A container in the form of a rectangular panel — never chromatically fixed, but often decoratively framed in some manner — on which the words of a motto are set. From c. 1560? – c. 1700? such a panel often functioned as the compartment in an armorial achievement, or the central element thereof.

Comment:
A container in the form of a rectangular panel — never chromatically fixed, but often decoratively framed in some manner — on which the words of a motto are set. From c. 1560? – c. 1700? such a panel often functioned as the compartment in an armorial achievement, or the central element thereof.


ENterm:
(livery- or personal para-armorial) device

TermDef:
A compound species of para-armorial emblem, composed of a badge of any of the types defined above (the figural element), and a motto (or scriptive element); the latter could be set in any of three different contexts: (a) directly on the badge, (b) on a circlet or scroll surrounding the badge, or (c) on a scroll set next to the badge (most commonly below it). The motto may also have either of two distinct semantic relationships to the badge, significant enough to establish two major subtypes: the simple device and the impresa.

Comment:
A compound species of para-armorial emblem, composed of a badge of any of the types defined above (the figural element), and a motto (or scriptive element); the latter could be set in any of three different contexts: (a) directly on the badge, (b) on a circlet or scroll surrounding the badge, or (c) on a scroll set next to the badge (most commonly below it). The motto may also have either of two distinct semantic relationships to the badge, significant enough to establish two major subtypes: the simple device and the impresa.


TermDef:
A subspecies of device in which there is no discernable relationship between the symbolism (if any) of the figural element and the sense of the scriptive element. (This was the original and always the normal type in England and France, and survives in the former in such familiar examples as the garter-device of that order, bearing the motto HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE, and the ostrich-feather device of the Princes of Wales, with the scroll-borne motto ICH DIEN.)

Comment:
A subspecies of device in which there is no discernable relationship between the symbolism (if any) of the figural element and the sense of the scriptive element. (This was the original and always the normal type in England and France, and survives in the former in such familiar examples as the garter-device of that order, bearing the motto HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE, and the ostrich-feather device of the Princes of Wales, with the scroll-borne motto ICH DIEN.)


TermDef:
A subspecies of device in which the figural element carries some sort of allegorical symbolism, and the scriptive element completes or explains that symbolism in some way. (It was the normal type of device in Italy, where it gave rise to a non-heraldic form that may be called the achromatic impresa, which with the several types of sign called the emblema, constituted what may be called the allegorical family of signs)

Comment:
A subspecies of device in which the figural element carries some sort of allegorical symbolism, and the scriptive element completes or explains that symbolism in some way. (It was the normal type of device in Italy, where it gave rise to a non-heraldic form that may be called the achromatic impresa, which with the several types of sign called the emblema, constituted what may be called the allegorical family of signs)


TermDef:
A species of para-armorial emblem composed entirely of the initial letters of  from one to five words, often including the forename of the emblematiger, and are normally realized in a freestanding form, sometimes bound by a tasseled cord. Cyphers may be classified on the basis of the number of letters they include into uniliteral, biliteral, and multiliteral types, and on the basis of their meaning into nominal, dominical, and cryptic subtypes.

Comment:
A species of para-armorial emblem composed entirely of the initial letters of  from one to five words, often including the forename of the emblematiger, and are normally realized in a freestanding form, sometimes bound by a tasseled cord. Cyphers may be classified on the basis of the number of letters they include into uniliteral, biliteral, and multiliteral types, and on the basis of their meaning into nominal, dominical, and cryptic subtypes.


TermDef:
A type of cypher whose constituent letter or letters represent one or more proper names, including those of the emblematiger, his wife, his mistress, or his principal dominion

Comment:
A type of cypher whose constituent letter or letters represent one or more proper names, including those of the emblematiger, his wife, his mistress, or his principal dominion


TermDef:
A subtype of nominal cypher composed of the initial letter of the forename of the emblematiger, (the emblematigeral type), his wife (the spousal type), or his mistress (the amatory type). 
The first  type could be displayed in either of two modes: (1) the singular mode (characteristic of the period before c. 1600) and (2) the geminated mode, (characteristic of continental countries after 1600), in which the second representation is reversed and normally interwoven with the first. The geminated type may in turn be displayed in two distinct modes: (2a) the unnumbered mode and (2b) the numbered mode; in the latter, a dominical number, in either Roman or Arabic numerals, is inserted between 
the two forms of the letter

Comment:
A subtype of nominal cypher composed of the initial letter of the forename of the emblematiger, (the emblematigeral type), his wife (the spousal type), or his mistress (the amatory type). 
The first  type could be displayed in either of two modes: (1) the singular mode (characteristic of the period before c. 1600) and (2) the geminated mode, (characteristic of continental countries after 1600), in which the second representation is reversed and normally interwoven with the first. The geminated type may in turn be displayed in two distinct modes: (2a) the unnumbered mode and (2b) the numbered mode; in the latter, a dominical number, in either Roman or Arabic numerals, is inserted between 
the two forms of the letter


TermDef:
A subtype of nominal cypher composed of the initial letter of the forename of the emblematiger followed by that of the emblematiger’s spouse or (in the case of male emblematigers) his mistress

Comment:
A subtype of nominal cypher composed of the initial letter of the forename of the emblematiger followed by that of the emblematiger’s spouse or (in the case of male emblematigers) his mistress


TermDef:
A type of cypher composed of the initial letter of the forename of the emblematiger followed by the initial letter or letters of his or her principal dominical titles, usually in their Latin form. Characteristic of English and British kings from c. 1485? Thus H R for Henricus Rex, H VIII R for Henricus VIII Rex, and G VI RI for Georgius VI Rex et Imperator

Comment:
A type of cypher composed of the initial letter of the forename of the emblematiger followed by the initial letter or letters of his or her principal dominical titles, usually in their Latin form. Characteristic of English and British kings from c. 1485? Thus H R for Henricus Rex, H VIII R for Henricus VIII Rex, and G VI RI for Georgius VI Rex et Imperator


TermDef:
A subtype of dominical cypher composed of initial letters alone, characteristic of the period before c 1530

Comment:
A subtype of dominical cypher composed of initial letters alone, characteristic of the period before c 1530


TermDef:
A subtype of dominical cypher composed of initial letters and a dominical number, usually represented by a Roman numeral, inserted between the nominal and titular initials; characteristic of the period since c. 1530

Comment:
A subtype of dominical cypher composed of initial letters and a dominical number, usually represented by a Roman numeral, inserted between the nominal and titular initials; characteristic of the period since c. 1530


TermDef:
A type of cypher composed of the initial letter of the name of the principal dominion of the emblematiger

Comment:
A type of cypher composed of the initial letter of the name of the principal dominion of the emblematiger


TermDef:
A type of cypher whose letters represent the initials of the words of some cryptic motto (e.g., the F.E.R.T. of the Counts and Dukes of Savoy, the A.E.I.O.U. of the Archdukes of Austria)

Comment:
A type of cypher whose letters represent the initials of the words of some cryptic motto (e.g., the F.E.R.T. of the Counts and Dukes of Savoy, the A.E.I.O.U. of the Archdukes of Austria)


TermDef:
The cry used by an important personal armiger to rally his vassals or retainers, normally composed of from one to three words, one of which is commonly the name either of the armiger’s lineage or of his patron saint, represented in the same variety of ways as the motto

Comment:
The cry used by an important personal armiger to rally his vassals or retainers, normally composed of from one to three words, one of which is commonly the name either of the armiger’s lineage or of his patron saint, represented in the same variety of ways as the motto


TermDef:
The designs characteristic of the various species of para-armorial flag, in which one or more badges, mottoes, and (or) devices were displayed against a field of the livery-colours, normally arranged in from two to six horizontal panels. For a typology of such flags, and of the hybrid-heraldic species that normally included some species of para-armorial emblem (especially the livery-colours), see below under FLAGS AND FLAG-DESIGNS.

Comment:
The designs characteristic of the various species of para-armorial flag, in which one or more badges, mottoes, and (or) devices were displayed against a field of the livery-colours, normally arranged in from two to six horizontal panels. For a typology of such flags, and of the hybrid-heraldic species that normally included some species of para-armorial emblem (especially the livery-colours), see below under FLAGS AND FLAG-DESIGNS.


TermDef:
A small subfamily of emblematic species representing the celestial patron of the emblematiger — who could be a saint, angel, person  of the Godhead, or the Triune God himself — and symbolizing the latter’s dependence upon and devotion to that patron

Comment:
A small subfamily of emblematic species representing the celestial patron of the emblematiger — who could be a saint, angel, person  of the Godhead, or the Triune God himself — and symbolizing the latter’s dependence upon and devotion to that patron


TermDef:
An anthropomorphic or theriomorphic representation of the patron, distinguished by his or her principal attribute or attributes

Comment:
An anthropomorphic or theriomorphic representation of the patron, distinguished by his or her principal attribute or attributes


TermDef:
Any of the signs associated with the effigy of a patron, and used to mark his or her particular identity, but employed independently of the patronal effigy as patronal emblem. Such attributes may be classified into cruciform and non-cruciform types.

Comment:
Any of the signs associated with the effigy of a patron, and used to mark his or her particular identity, but employed independently of the patronal effigy as patronal emblem. Such attributes may be classified into cruciform and non-cruciform types.


TermDef:
The most important but least common of the types of patronal attribute, taking a characteristic form or tincture or both, and commonly used to mark the clothing of soldiers in the service of a king or prince, and set on various forms of flag

Comment:
The most important but least common of the types of patronal attribute, taking a characteristic form or tincture or both, and commonly used to mark the clothing of soldiers in the service of a king or prince, and set on various forms of flag


TermDef:
Any of the other types of patronal attribute, including the type and colour of his or her costume, the type of his or her capital and manual insignia, the instrument of his or her martyrdom, etc.

Comment:
Any of the other types of patronal attribute, including the type and colour of his or her costume, the type of his or her capital and manual insignia, the instrument of his or her martyrdom, etc.


TermDef:
A coat of arms attributed to the patron, often including the patronal cross in a particular tincture, set on a field of another, and commonly displayed on usable flags as well as iconic escutcheons

Comment:
A coat of arms attributed to the patron, often including the patronal cross in a particular tincture, set on a field of another, and commonly displayed on usable flags as well as iconic escutcheons


TermDef:
A small subfamily of emblematic species — created c. 1300 and still in general use — representing a nation rather than either its ruler or its patron saint, but taking a form indistinguishable from the patronal cross and para-armorial livery-colours

Comment:
A small subfamily of emblematic species — created c. 1300 and still in general use — representing a nation rather than either its ruler or its patron saint, but taking a form indistinguishable from the patronal cross and para-armorial livery-colours


TermDef:
A cross of distinctive tinctures and sometimes distinctive form, often extracted from a national cruciferous flag-design, but always employed as an independent emblem, either in a freestanding manner set on the clothing of soldiers or other state-officers (as was done in England, Scotland, France, and Burgundy), or as the central element of a hybrid-heraldic flag-design (as was done in France and Germany), or as an honorific insigne (as was done in Denmark and Germany), or incorporated into the design of the royal-regnal arms (as was done in Denmark, the united kingdoms of Scandinavia, and the independent kingdom of Sweden)

Comment:
A cross of distinctive tinctures and sometimes distinctive form, often extracted from a national cruciferous flag-design, but always employed as an independent emblem, either in a freestanding manner set on the clothing of soldiers or other state-officers (as was done in England, Scotland, France, and Burgundy), or as the central element of a hybrid-heraldic flag-design (as was done in France and Germany), or as an honorific insigne (as was done in Denmark and Germany), or incorporated into the design of the royal-regnal arms (as was done in Denmark, the united kingdoms of Scandinavia, and the independent kingdom of Sweden)


TermDef:
An armiform but non-armal flag-design consisting of a field of one tincture and a cross, normally throughout, in one or two other tinctures. (Adopted in all of the countries of Greater Scandinavia, in England, Scotland, Burgundy, and Spain)

Comment:
An armiform but non-armal flag-design consisting of a field of one tincture and a cross, normally throughout, in one or two other tinctures. (Adopted in all of the countries of Greater Scandinavia, in England, Scotland, Burgundy, and Spain)


TermDef:
The tinctures of the national cruciferous flag-design, used in the manner of livery-colours

Comment:
The tinctures of the national cruciferous flag-design, used in the manner of livery-colours


TermDef:
A category of emblematic species and quasi-species — created c. 1500 and still in general use — whose designs include species belonging to two or more of the heraldic families of emblems defined above, arranged in keeping with conventions often peculiar to the particular hybrid-heraldic species in a particular country. They may be divided roughly into two subcategories: (a) vexillary emblems and (b) devices

Comment:
A category of emblematic species and quasi-species — created c. 1500 and still in general use — whose designs include species belonging to two or more of the heraldic families of emblems defined above, arranged in keeping with conventions often peculiar to the particular hybrid-heraldic species in a particular country. They may be divided roughly into two subcategories: (a) vexillary emblems and (b) devices


TermDef:
Species and quasi-species of flag-design, normally underlain by banneriform flags; composed of some combination of livery-colours, patronal effigy, patronal or national cross, and regnal, national, or provincial arms or badge;  and falling into species based on the particular set and arrangement of these elements, often peculiar to a particular country. For a full typology, see below under FLAG-DESIGNS, HYBRID-HERALDIC

Comment:
Species and quasi-species of flag-design, normally underlain by banneriform flags; composed of some combination of livery-colours, patronal effigy, patronal or national cross, and regnal, national, or provincial arms or badge;  and falling into species based on the particular set and arrangement of these elements, often peculiar to a particular country. For a full typology, see below under FLAG-DESIGNS, HYBRID-HERALDIC


TermDef:
A quasi-species of emblem, usually resembling a para-armorial device in their form and use, but often including
 patronal effigies and (or) attributes, especially crosses. 
They fall into two principal subtypes based on usage: 
(i) ordinal devices and (ii) military devices

Comment:
A quasi-species of emblem, usually resembling a para-armorial device in their form and use, but often including
 patronal effigies and (or) attributes, especially crosses. 
They fall into two principal subtypes based on usage: 
(i) ordinal devices and (ii) military devices


TermDef:
A subtype of hybrid-heraldic device adopted and used from c. 1495 to the present to serve as the insignial emblem of an order of chivalry, commonly combining an effigy of the patron of the order, a cruciform attribute, a pre-existing livery-badge or device, and the ordinal motto set on a circlet in the order’s livery-colours.

Comment:
A subtype of hybrid-heraldic device adopted and used from c. 1495 to the present to serve as the insignial emblem of an order of chivalry, commonly combining an effigy of the patron of the order, a cruciform attribute, a pre-existing livery-badge or device, and the ordinal motto set on a circlet in the order’s livery-colours.


TermDef:
A subtype of hybrid-heraldic device adopted to serve as the insignial emblem of a military unit of some sort, normally a regiment, and frequently based directly on the device of one of the orders maintained by the prince under whom the regiment served. (Rare before 1690)

Comment:
A subtype of hybrid-heraldic device adopted to serve as the insignial emblem of a military unit of some sort, normally a regiment, and frequently based directly on the device of one of the orders maintained by the prince under whom the regiment served. (Rare before 1690)


TermDef:
Signs derived from the para-armorial impresa c. 1490 - c. 1530, but composed of a figure and text intended to symbolize some salient characteristic of the emblematiger, and created and employed for strictly symbolic as well as for emblematic purposes. After c. 1600 often used in seal-designs and flag-designs. Divisible on the basis of their form and complexity into two species, each of two subspecies.

Comment:
Signs derived from the para-armorial impresa c. 1490 - c. 1530, but composed of a figure and text intended to symbolize some salient characteristic of the emblematiger, and created and employed for strictly symbolic as well as for emblematic purposes. After c. 1600 often used in seal-designs and flag-designs. Divisible on the basis of their form and complexity into two species, each of two subspecies.


TermDef:
An allegorical sign formally similar to a para-armorial impresa, composed of a single figure and explaining motto (normally contained in some manner)

Comment:
An allegorical sign formally similar to a para-armorial impresa, composed of a single figure and explaining motto (normally contained in some manner)


TermDef:
A subspecies conceived of like a para-armorial emblem, so that every element of the figure was assigned a particular colour; normally freestanding and frameless, and formally indistinguishable from its para-heraldic analogue

Comment:
A subspecies conceived of like a para-armorial emblem, so that every element of the figure was assigned a particular colour; normally freestanding and frameless, and formally indistinguishable from its para-heraldic analogue


TermDef:
A scenic design with one or more figures and an explaining motto, the figures at least set within a frame of some sort, often in the form of a circumscribing band on which the motto is set

Comment:
A scenic design with one or more figures and an explaining motto, the figures at least set within a frame of some sort, often in the form of a circumscribing band on which the motto is set


TermDef:
A subspecies of emblema lacking a poetic augmentation

Comment:
A subspecies of emblema lacking a poetic augmentation


TermDef:
A subspecies in the same form as the simple one, augmented with a poem in one or several verses expanding upon the motto

Comment:
A subspecies in the same form as the simple one, augmented with a poem in one or several verses expanding upon the motto


# tblEN_CZ_termlist

CzSupl:
~ slipped and leaved žalud na vetvicce s listy


CzSupl:
celá figura (a leopard’s head erased and affronté lion sejant affronté)

OprCzTerm:
celá figura (a leopard’s head erased and affronté lion sejant affronté)


CzTerm:
monstrum s hlavou osla a telem velblouda

OprCzTerm:
monstrum s hlavou osla a telem velblouda


CzSupl:
: okrídlený had s dvema nohama a s hlavou na obou koncích


CzSupl:
.heraldic ~ heraldická antilopa liší se od skutecného zvírete pilovitými rohy, hlavou a ocasem


CzSupl:
monstrum s telem podobným telu býka, ale s medvedím ocasem


CzSupl:
se zbrojí vždy v kombinaci s barvou n kovem (~ gules ~ or etc)

OprCzTerm:
se zbrojí vždy v kombinaci s barvou n kovem (~ gules ~ or etc)


CzSupl:
cást heraldiky, která se zabývá pouze znaky


CzSupl:
arrow broadheaded; široký hrot šípu s vnitrní stranou vykrajovanou


CzSupl:
2 odznak zvláštní znamení, které není samo o sobe erbem, ale znackou


CzSupl:
; heraldické monstrum s hlavou heraldické antilopy telem a ocasem kone a s rohy dozadu

OprCzTerm:
heraldické monstrum s hlavou heraldické antilopy telem a ocasem kone a s rohy dozadu


CzSupl:
, lat -- obsahuje-li štít více než jedno brevno .~ gemel dve niti v páru jako


CzSupl:
pruhy (barry) -- nekolikrát delený (štít) lichý pocet delení ~ of four pieces trikrát delený (štít)

OprCzTerm:
nekolikrát delený (štít) lichý pocet delení ~ of four pieces trikrát delený (štít)


CzSupl:
= kosmy pruh -- kosmé brevno brevno pokosem in ~ kosmo razení figur ve štíte per ~

OprCzTerm:
kosmé brevno brevno pokosem in ~ kosmo razení figur ve štíte per ~


CzSupl:
ve tvaru obdélníku postaveném na kratší stranu


CzSupl:
p..íznak znamení p..idané do znaku pro rozlišení znaku seniora od ostatních


CzSupl:
; lozenge-shaped ~ routovitá prezka; oval ~ oválná prezka; square ~ ctercová prezka


CzSupl:
hlava bez krku; en face (stag’s head caboshed, bull’s head


CzSupl:
žirafa považována za krížence mezi velbloudem a leopardem

OprCzTerm:
žirafa považována za krížence mezi velbloudem a leopardem


CzSupl:
kun, který má místo hlavy a krku trup muže (od pasu nahoru)


CzSupl:
; v. vzít si do znaku, prijmout do znaku


CzTerm:
tri figury v trojhranu razení figur ve štíte

OprCzTerm:
tri figury v trojhranu razení figur ve štíte


CzSupl:
hlava a poprsí ženy, nohy lva, telo kozy a ocas sane


CzSupl:
kohout jehož telo je zakonceno rybím ocasem


CzSupl:
v blazonu potreba specifikovat druh sloupu . Corinthian ~ korintský sloup


CzTerm:
puda pod erbem, stojí na ní štítonoši compony vykládaný (bend ~, bordure ~)

OprCzTerm:
puda pod erbem, stojí na ní štítonoši compony vykládaný (bend ~, bordure ~)


OprCzTerm:
jeráb v pozdvižené pravé noze drží kámen


CzSupl:
pulmesíc pribývající; crescent, odvozen od skutecného mesíce; a ~ reversed pulmesíc zvrácený; viz též decrescent


CzSupl:
.íž sv. Antonína, antonínský kríž, tau-kríž


CzSupl:
fitchy = ~ fitched; ~ flory kríž liliový;; ~ ending in four fusils kríž routovitý; ~ fitched (at foot) kríž k zastrcení; ~ in ~ krížem razení figur ve štíte; maltese ~ kríž


CzSupl:
= ~ fitched; ~ flory ; in ~ krížem razení figur ve štíte; maltese ~ kríž


CzSupl:
~ per ~ ctvrcení; ~ potent kríž berlickový; ~ tau tau-


CzSupl:
(a demi-lion passant horní polovina lva krácející; a demi-lion rampant horní polovina lva ve skoku) 2 vyrustající, rostoucí figura (lidský trup, zvírecí telo), která je viditelná do poloviny a to v klenotu i ve štítu


CzSupl:
damascenování ornamentální výzdoba prázdných ploch ve štítu


CzTerm:
zpusob tvorení aliancních erbu; do pravé poloviny polceného štítu je položena pravá polovina erbu mu

OprCzTerm:
zpusob tvorení aliancních erbu; do pravé poloviny polceného štítu je položena pravá polovina erbu mužova a do levé poloviny štítu levá polovina erbu manželky


CzSupl:
double-headed = otrel rísský ; orel a orlice = displayed rozkrídlená orlice;


CzSupl:
(two ears of wheat) = Mylivecek : feathers


CzSupl:
heraldické monstrum s hlavou lišky hrudí chrta paráty orlice telem lva a zadníma nohama a ocasem vlk

OprCzTerm:
heraldické monstrum s hlavou lišky hrudí chrta paráty orlice telem lva a zadníma nohama a ocasem vlka


CzTerm:
delení obrácenými oblouky vrcholy oblouku smerují dolu

OprCzTerm:
delení obrácenými oblouky vrcholy oblouku smerují dolu


CzTerm:
vytržený ze zvírecího tela head ~ vytržená hlava s roztrepeným krkem v Anglii s krkem po ramena ve S

OprCzTerm:
vytržený ze zvírecího tela head ~ vytržená hlava s roztrepeným krkem v Anglii s krkem po ramena ve Skotksu bez krku (a boar’s head erased)


CzTerm:
opacný hermelín na cerném poli bílé konecky

OprCzTerm:
opacný hermelín na cerném poli bílé konecky


CzTerm:
zlatý hermelín na zlatém poli cerné konecky

OprCzTerm:
zlatý hermelín na zlatém poli cerné konecky


CzSupl:
šestihrotá hvezda s vlnitými stranami hrotu, jiný pocet hrotu se musí hlásit


CzTerm:
svazek prutu prevázáný cervenými remínky z nehož vycnívá sekera symbol spravedlnosti a soudní moci

OprCzTerm:
svazek prutu prevázáný cervenými remínky z nehož vycnívá sekera symbol spravedlnosti a soudní moci


CzSupl:
, pouta na nohu kone v podobe písmene D, oblouk muže být též nahrazen retezem


CzSupl:
heroldská figura která se zobrazuje vždy ve dvojici pak jsou to cásti kruhu o velkém polomeru které

OprCzTerm:
heroldská figura která se zobrazuje vždy ve dvojici pak jsou to cásti kruhu o velkém polomeru které se promítají na obe strany štítu mají jinou tinkturu než je tinktura štítu v ceské heraldice tomu odpovídá kul nahore a dole rozšírený ale jako hero


CzSupl:
heraldická lilie, brisura pro šestého syna; srov. Lily


EnTerm:
fountain (roundel barry wavy argent and azure)


CzSupl:
kolmo routovaný (štít) routy jsou více protaženy ve smeru shora dolu než u lozengy

OprCzTerm:
kolmo routovaný (štít) routy jsou více protaženy ve smeru shora dolu než u lozengy


CzTerm:
zákopový koš používán pri stavbe opevnení a príkopu pro prepravu zeminy

OprCzTerm:
zákopový koš používán pri stavbe opevnení a príkopu pro prepravu zeminy


CzSupl:
kohout pro kohoutí zápasy zobrazován bez hrebínku a laloku

OprCzTerm:
kohout pro kohoutí zápasy zobrazován bez hrebínku a laloku


CzTerm:
harpyje orlice s dívcím oblicejem krkem a poprsím

OprCzTerm:
harpyje orlice s dívcím oblicejem krkem a poprsím


CzSupl:
hlava en face alespon s cástí krku cf caboshed


CzTerm:
dedic .~ in blood pokrevní dedic; ~ in her issue dedicka ve svém


CzSupl:
heir dedic .~ in blood pokrevní dedic; ~ in her issue dedicka ve svém


CzSupl:
heraldické monstrum s hlavou krídly a paráty gryfa a se zadní cástí tela kone

OprCzTerm:
heraldické monstrum s hlavou krídly a paráty gryfa a se zadní cástí tela kone


CzSupl:
(a chevalier on horseback rytír na koni)


CzSupl:
jako skutecná antilopa, ale liší se pilovitými rohy vyrážejícími z cela


CzTerm:
zpusob tvorení aliancních erbu; na polcený štít jsou vedle sebe umísteny dva erby

OprCzTerm:
zpusob tvorení aliancních erbu; na polcený štít jsou vedle sebe umísteny dva erby


CzTerm:
delení pilovité zubovité strmejší hroty (zuby) než u dancetty

OprCzTerm:
delení pilovité zubovité strmejší hroty (zuby) než u dancetty


CzSupl:
štít jako heraldická figura, v jiném štíte; srdecní štítek


CzSupl:
viz též lucy, gedde  = pike = jack; herald. štika v anglické heraldice


CzSupl:
krížkový; ~ ending in four fusils kríž routovitý; ~ fitched (at foot) kríž k zastrcení; ~, kríž antonínský, kríž sv. Antonína


CzSupl:
brisura pro nejstaršího syna . a ~ of four points turnajský límec se ctyrmi rameny nejcasteji bývají tri ramena


CzSupl:
dolní cást vychází z tlamy a horní cást za levhartí hlavou


CzSupl:
passant guardant or) zlatý levhart udelovaný jako polepšení erbu, v. též canton of England;


CzSupl:
= lion’s head caboshed; ~ passant guar; lev; winged ~ okrídlený lev


CzSupl:
(štít), s routami postavenými; routovitý (bend ~, pale


CzSupl:
heraldická vlaštovka ci jiný pták zobrazovaný jen se stehýnky, bez nožicek, výjimecne i bez zobácku; brisura pro ctvrtého syna


CzSupl:
morská panna s dvema ocasy, z nichž každý je zahnutý na jinou stranu; mermaid = morská panna s hrebenem a zrcadlem v rukou


CzSupl:
hlava muže s oslíma ušima = usatec midas (135)


CzTerm:
pták s hlavou a telem kohouta místo ocasu má však jen dve do pravého úhlu k telu zdvižená péra

OprCzTerm:
pták s hlavou a telem kohouta místo ocasu má však jen dve do pravého úhlu k telu zdvižená péra


CzSupl:
morion otevrená prílba s vysokým hrebenem a zdviženými špicemi vpredu i vzadu


CzSupl:
s rovnými stranami hrotu; brisura pro tretího syna; .


CzSupl:
heraldické monstrum s telem a nohama kozy s hlavou berana a se ctyrmi rohy dvema kozími a dvema bera; tityron = musimon

OprCzTerm:
heraldické monstrum s telem a nohama kozy s hlavou berana a se ctyrmi rohy dvema kozími a dvema beraními


CzTerm:
oblakovitá cára též bez prolamování ve vrcholech oblouku jak je to v ceské heraldice

OprCzTerm:
oblakovitá cára též bez prolamování ve vrcholech oblouku jak je to v ceské heraldice


CzSupl:
brisura pro devátého syna = double quatrefoil; dvojitý ctyrlístek brisura pro devátého syna


CzSupl:
gryf s krátkým ocasem n monstrum s telem a paráty lva hlavou krkem a krídly orlice a ocasem velbloud

OprCzTerm:
gryf s krátkým ocasem n monstrum s telem a paráty lva hlavou krkem a krídly orlice a ocasem velblouda nekdy jsou krídla vynechána


CzSupl:
(tenné rondel), , oranžový rondel; oranžová


CzTerm:
heroldská figura, heroldské znamení musí zahrnovat nejméne tretinu štítu

OprCzTerm:
heroldská figura, heroldské znamení musí zahrnovat nejméne tretinu štítu


CzSupl:
úzký lem štítu rovnobežný s jeho okrajem ale nedotýkající se ho

OprCzTerm:
úzký lem štítu rovnobežný s jeho okrajem ale nedotýkající se ho


CzSupl:
zobrazován s podkovou ci klícem v zobáku .


CzSupl:
= pall = shakefork = pallium ve tvaru vidlice; vidlicovitý kríž, lotrovský kríž ve tvaru ypsilon


CzSupl:
party = delený štít na více stejných dílu


CzSupl:
pruhovani  --  (štít) lichý pocet polcení .~ of four pieces trikrát polcený (štít); ~ of six pieces petkrát polcený (štít)


CzTerm:
opacný zlatý hermelín na cerném poli zlaté konecky

OprCzTerm:
opacný zlatý hermelín na cerném poli zlaté konecky


CzSupl:
s otvorem uprostred hvezda – jen mullet nikdy estoile

OprCzTerm:
s otvorem uprostred hvezda – jen mullet nikdy estoile


CzSupl:
~ issuing from the dexter chief point kosmý klín; ~ issuing from the sinister base point kosmá špice; ~ pile issuing from the sinister chief point šikmý klín


CzSupl:
vetšinou se kreslí stejne jako jedlová šiška


CzSupl:
plume of peacock’s feathers = peacock's tail;


CzSupl:
kreslí se jako prasklé jablko, v praskline jsou videt zralá jádra, má okvetí jako korunku, nekdy je na stopce s lístky


CzSupl:
a tower portcullised vež s padací bránou


CzTerm:
berlicková delící cára ve tvaru berlicek jako u berlickového kríže

OprCzTerm:
berlicková delící cára ve tvaru berlicek jako u berlickového kríže


CzSupl:
(Argent, an ox gules passing over a ford proper)


CzSupl:
šarlatová nebo nachová cervenofialová barva


CzSupl:
volná ctvrt = quarter; zahrnující tretinu hlavy štítu .


CzTerm:
ctvrcení též zpusob tvorení aliancních erbu

OprCzTerm:
ctvrcení též zpusob tvorení aliancních erbu


CzSupl:
partly qtd = ctvrcení neúplné, e.g. Gersdorf;


CzSupl:
queue-fourché; z tela vychází pouze jeden ocas, který se rozdvojuje


CzSupl:
.~ for the motto páska hesla; ~ for the war cry páska pokriku


CzSupl:
i brisura pro sedmého syna; zobrazována stejne jako v Cechách .~ barbed and seeded proper ruže s okolními lístky ne okvetními prirozené barvy; ~ slipped and leaved ruže se stonkem a listy


CzTerm:
strelec kentaur pripravený vystrelit šíp


CzSupl:
zobrazován jako san v plamenech, nekdy bez krídel, casto je ve tvaru ješterky


OprCzTerm:
barva odstínu mezi cervenou (gules) a purpurovou (purpure)


CzSupl:
gryf bez krídel se spodní polovinou z morské pany


CzSupl:
rivený mec s vykrojeným malým obloukem na vnitrní hrane cepele


CzSupl:
posypaný nekolik menších figur je ve štítu (poli, figure) rozmístených na zpusob vzorku, tj. pravidelne rozdelených tak, že nekteré mizí v okrajích


CzSupl:
~ 14th century štít soudeckový; ~ end 13th century štít gotický; English ~ štít anglický; French ~ štít francouzský; Italian ~ štít italský (konská hlava); oval ~ štít oválný; Renaissance ~ štít renesancní; ~ round in base štít španelský


CzSupl:
.~ base levý spodní roh štítu; ~ chief levý horní roh štítu; ~ side levá strana


CzSupl:
; viz též tilting-spear, lance, javelin oštep; srov. tilting spear


CzSupl:
telo, nohy a ocas lva s poprsím a hlavou ženy


CzSupl:
, casto ve tvaru petihroté hvezdy, pak zváno mullet of five points pierced


CzSupl:
tento termín témer neužíván v anglické heraldice, viz estoile, mullet 2 SC petihrotá hvezda vždy bez otvoru uprostred, viz mullet, 2


CzSupl:
od merlety se liší jen tím, že má nožicky


CzSupl:
tilting-spear, kopí užíváno jezdcem pro srážení protivníka z kone; liší se od lance a javelin


CzSupl:
koreny; hurst of ~s chlum, lesík; a ~ issuant from a mount vert strom na zeleném kopci


CzTerm:
lem štítu rozdelený na dva úzké lemy které priléhají tesne k sobe

OprCzTerm:
lem štítu rozdelený na dva úzké lemy které priléhají tesne k sobe


CzSupl:
= byci rohy = bull's horns (Myslivecek); (fr. probocide, it. proboscide, nem. Büffelhorn, en. Trunk


CzSupl:
ungula = kopyto; n. kovem (~ gules, ~ argent, etc.)

OprCzTerm:
s kopyty v kombinaci s barvou n. kovem (~ gules, ~ argent, etc.)


CzSupl:
, popelicina .counter ~ opacný vzor popelciny


CzTerm:
zlatá n stríbrná koule kámen který/kterou drží jeráb v pozdvižené pravé noze

OprCzTerm:
zlatá n stríbrná koule kámen který/kterou drží jeráb v pozdvižené pravé noze


CzSupl:
.~ proper voda (reka, jezero, etc.) v prirozených barvách


CzSupl:
; plovací blána (webbed feet nohy opatrené plovacími blanami)


CzSupl:
-wise suffix užívaný k tvorení odvozenin od heroldských figur, oznacuje postavení a smer obecné


CzSupl:
(wood-pigeon) -- dove = holubice s chocholem -- (= tuft) na hlave


CzSupl:
3 bars crenellated doubly =  3 cimburi, Mysliveck: Erbovnik;


CzSupl:
lion's paw = lvi noha (with bended leg; bear's paw = medvedi tlapa (79)


CzSupl:
= delení štítu štenýrem = gyronny;  vážený pán (Esq.) = gironny


# tblEN-DE_termlist

ENtxt:
atop a mount of four coupeaux couped vert


change:
beschnürt = besaitet, e.g. Geige, Armbrust, Jagdhorn


ENtxt:
gyron issuing from the dexter side in chief


DEtxt:
balkenw.') WHERE NOT fusilsin fess AND NOT lozengesin fess


ENtxt:
issuing from the dexter side of the escu.


ENtxt:
issuing from the sinister side of the escu.


ENtxt:
parted per pale issuing from the sinister.


ENtxt:
pily of 4 isst base sn conjoined in chf dx


# tblESNF

ESNFtxt:
Ägina, Hr von (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)  +


ESNFtxt:
Aguilar de Inestrillas, Cde de (La Cerda-Foix)


ESNFtxt:
Algertshausen, von vide Algishausen, von


ESNFtxt:
Altmühl, Gf an der unteren (Schweinfurt)


ESNFtxt:
Apulien, Gf und Hz von (Hauteville-Sizilien)


ESNFtxt:
Aquila, Cte d´ (Bourbon-Beider Sizilien)


ESNFtxt:
Archévêque de Parthenay,  vide etiam Parthenay


ESNFtxt:
Aspremont, Sire d´ a.d.H. der Vögte von Briey


ESNFtxt:
Athen, Hr und Hz von (la Roche-sur-l´Ognon)


ESNFtxt:
Bayern, Hz von (Wittelsbach) vide etiam Wittelsbach, von


ESNFtxt:
Bayern, Hz, Kg und Kurfürst von (Wittelsbach)


ESNFtxt:
Beaufort-Spontin, Cte, M, Duc de (Spontin)


ESNFtxt:
Beaumont, de vide Schönberg (im Oisling), Hr von


ESNFtxt:
Berg und Hohenzollern, Gf zum (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)


ESNFtxt:
Berg´s-Heerenberg, Hr und Gf von (Polanen)


ESNFtxt:
Béthune-Hesdigneul (des Plancques), Cte, Duc


ESNFtxt:
Biele, von der, Bieler, Bieler von Reichenbach  vide etiam Reichenbach, von


ESNFtxt:
Börringe, Gf von (Bastard von Schweden a.d.H. Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg)


ESNFtxt:
Braunschweig (und Lüneburg), Hz von (Welfen)


ESNFtxt:
Brentford, Earl of (Schönburg auf Wesel)


ESNFtxt:
Bretagne, de vide etiam Brosse dit de Bretagne


ESNFtxt:
Bulgarien, Fst von (Hessen und bei Rhein)


ESNFtxt:
Bulgarien, Kg (Zar) von (Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha)


ESNFtxt:
Bulgarien, Zar von (Krum-Chan (Mortagoniden))


ESNFtxt:
Cabra, Vde de (Bastard Trastamara-Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Cabrera, Vcde de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Caltojar, Msa de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Camera de Bragança, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Camera Manoel, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Caminha de Veija, de (bâtard de Faro)  +


ESNFtxt:
Caminhas, Duque de (Bastard Trastamara-Burgund- Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Campo Ameno, Ms de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund- Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Cantanhede, Cde de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Cantanhede, Cds de (bâtarde de Portugal-Bragança)  +


ESNFtxt:
Cárdenas, de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund-Ivrea) +


ESNFtxt:
Carnide, Pcsa de (bâtard de Portugal-Bragança) +


ESNFtxt:
Carsal Ribeiro Ulrich de Castro Ribeira, de bâtard de Portugal-Bragança)


ESNFtxt:
Carvalhais, Cde de (bâtard de Portugal) +


ESNFtxt:
Cassano, Pc di (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona) +


ESNFtxt:
Castilla, de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund-Ivrea)  +


ESNFtxt:
Castilla, Infante de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund- Ivrea)  +


ESNFtxt:
Castilla Valdelomer, de (Bastard Kastilien- Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Castilla y de Portugal, de (Bastard Kastilien- Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Castilla y Riveira (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund- Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Caupers de Bragança (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Châtellerault, Vcte de (La Rochefoucauld)


ESNFtxt:
Chef-Boutonne, Cte de (La Rochefoucauld)


ESNFtxt:
Ciudad Rodrigo, Duque de (Cowley-Wellesley)


ESNFtxt:
Collisano, Cte di (Bastard Neapel-Trastamara- Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Cormaillon, Bar et Cte de (Damas/Burgund)


ESNFtxt:
Costa de Ata de Sousa, da (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Coutinho de Lencastre de Sousa (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Coutinho de Sousa (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Crato, Casa de (bâtard de Portugal-Aviz)  +


ESNFtxt:
Dänemark, Kg von (Familie Gorm´s des Alten)


ESNFtxt:
Dänemark, Kg von (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg- Glücksburg)


ESNFtxt:
Dänemark, Pz von (de Laborde de Montpezat)


ESNFtxt:
Dalberg vide Kämmerer von Worms gt Dalberg


ESNFtxt:
Darnieulles, de (bâtard de Lorraine)   +


ESNFtxt:
Dornberg, Edler und Gf von (Schaumburg/Nby)


ESNFtxt:
Eça da Sylveira de Sousa Chicorro (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Eckbrecht von Dürckheim (-Montmartin), Gf


ESNFtxt:
Eggenberg Fhr zu Ehrenhausen und Herberstorff, von


ESNFtxt:
Elsaß, Gf im (Habsburg) vide Oberelsaß, Gf im (Habsburg)


ESNFtxt:
Entenza y Capella, de (bâtard de Aragón- Trastamara)  +


ESNFtxt:
Entremont et de Montbel, Cts d´ (Coligny)


ESNFtxt:
Entremont et de Montbel, Cts d´ (Montbel)


ESNFtxt:
Erbach-Erbach und von Wartenberg-Roth, Gf von


ESNFtxt:
Ese van Gramsbergen, van der (Heeckeren)


ESNFtxt:
Ettendorf, Edler von (Hr von Saarbrücken)


ESNFtxt:
Fadrique (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)  +


ESNFtxt:
Faust von Stromberg, Gf und Edler Hr von Eltz gt


ESNFtxt:
Feuillade, Ctes et Ducs de la (Aubusson)


ESNFtxt:
França e Faro de Sousa, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Franquemont, de (bâtard de Montbéliard-Montfaucon)  +


ESNFtxt:
Friedberg und Trauchburg, Gf von (Truchseß von Waldburg)


ESNFtxt:
Galve, Cde de (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)  +


ESNFtxt:
Genève, bâtard de (bâtard de Genève-Lullin)  +


ESNFtxt:
Goseck, Gf von vide etiam Gleissberg, von


ESNFtxt:
Goseck, Gf von vide etiam Putelendorf, von


ESNFtxt:
Goyaz, Duquesa e (bâtard de Portugal-Bragança)  +


ESNFtxt:
Gradisca, gefürsteter Gf von (Eggenberg)


ESNFtxt:
Gramsbergen, van (Heeckeren gt van der Ese)


ESNFtxt:
Greifenstein, Hr von (Vögte von Hachenburg)


ESNFtxt:
Griechenland, Kg von (Schleswig-Holstein- Sonderburg-Glücksburg)


ESNFtxt:
Groeben, von der vide etiam Pletz von der Groeben


ESNFtxt:
Großbritannien und Irland, Kg von (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)


ESNFtxt:
Großbritannien und Irland, Kg von (Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha)


ESNFtxt:
Großbritannien und Irland, Kg von (Windsor)


ESNFtxt:
Großbritannien und Irland, Pz von (Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha)


ESNFtxt:
Gundelfingen gt Derneck u.a. (Steusslingen)


ESNFtxt:
Gurrea, de (bâtard de Aragón-Trastamara)  +


ESNFtxt:
Gusmao de Portugal, de (bâtard de Portugal)


ESNFtxt:
Habitzheim, Fhr von (Löwenstein-Wertheim- Rosenberg)


ESNFtxt:
Hase von Diebelich (von der Leyen-Gondorf)


ESNFtxt:
Helfenstein, Gf von, Fhr von und zu Gundelfingen


ESNFtxt:
Hellenstein, Edler von vide etiam Gundelfingen (an der Lauter), Edler von


ESNFtxt:
Henin(-Liétard), Sire, Cte et Pc de (Cuincy)


ESNFtxt:
Henrichemont et Boisbelle, Pc de (Béthune)


ESNFtxt:
Hessen und bei Rhein, Ghz und Pz von (Brabant)


ESNFtxt:
Hildesheim vide Vicedominus von Hildesheim


ESNFtxt:
Hillersleben, Gf von (Gf von Ammensleben)


ESNFtxt:
Hohenstein, Gf von vide Honstein, Gf von


ESNFtxt:
Holland und Seeland, Gf von (Wittelsbach)


ESNFtxt:
Holstein, Hz von vide etiam Schleswig-Holstein, Hz von


ESNFtxt:
Holstein-Schauenburg, Gf von vide etiam Schaumburg, Gf von (Holstein-Schauenburg)


ESNFtxt:
Homburg (an der Kanner), Hr von (Rollingen)


ESNFtxt:
Hoogstraeten, Hz von (Wild- und Rheingrafen)


ESNFtxt:
Hüneburg, von vide Marschall von Hüneburg


ESNFtxt:
Innhausen und Knyphausen, Hr, Fhr, Gf u Fst


ESNFtxt:
Innhausen und Knyphausen Gf von Bodelschwingh-Plettenberg


ESNFtxt:
Isenburg vide etiam Ysenburg und Büdingen


ESNFtxt:
Juzennecourt vide etiam de Lanty gt de Juzennecourt


ESNFtxt:
Karystos, Hr von (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)   +


ESNFtxt:
Kirchberg, von (des Stammes Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)


ESNFtxt:
Kleve (Mark-Altena-Berg) vide etiam de Clèves


ESNFtxt:
Klingen vide etiam Altenklingen et Hohenklingen


ESNFtxt:
Kurland, Hz von (Biron) vide etiam Biron von Curland, Pz


ESNFtxt:
Kyburg, Gf von (Habsburg) vide Kiburg, Gf von (Habsburg)


ESNFtxt:
La Cerda, bâtard de (La Cerda-Burgund-Ivrea)  +


ESNFtxt:
Lafoes, Duque de (bâtard de Portugal-Bragança)  +


ESNFtxt:
Lafoes, Duque de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Lahnstein, von (Lewenstein-Hr vom Stein)


ESNFtxt:
La Laguna de Camero-Viejo, Ms de (La Cerda-Foix)


ESNFtxt:
Lancastre de Portugal, de (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Landeck, von vide S(ch)new(e)lin von Landeck


ESNFtxt:
Langres, bâtard de (Poitiers-Valentinois)   +


ESNFtxt:
La Roche (Ardennen), Cte de (Burgund-Beveren)


ESNFtxt:
La Roche-en-Montagne, Cte de (Faucogney)


ESNFtxt:
Lasso de Castilla (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund- Ivrea)  +


ESNFtxt:
Laureto, Cte di (Staufer-Bastardlinie)   +


ESNFtxt:
Leiningen, gefürsteter Ldgf von (Saargaugrafen)


ESNFtxt:
Lemos, Cde de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund-Ivrea)   +


ESNFtxt:
Leublfing, Gf von (des Stammes Edle von Weling)


ESNFtxt:
Leyen, von der (Gondorf)  zu Hohengeroldseck


ESNFtxt:
Lille, châtelain de (Châtelain de Péronne)


ESNFtxt:
Limburg, Gf von (bei Weilheim unter Teck) (Zähringer)


ESNFtxt:
Lobo (sn de Alvito) (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Loen und Chiny, Gf von (Heinsberg-Sponheim)


ESNFtxt:
Logozk (Logock), Fst von (Polozk (Polock))


ESNFtxt:
Luitpoldinger vide Bayern, Hz von (Luitpoldinger)


ESNFtxt:
Lutterberg, Gf von vide Lauterberg, Gf von


ESNFtxt:
Macedo de Bragança, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Macedo de Portugal e Castro, de (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Magdeburger Mark, Gf der (Markgraf Gero)


ESNFtxt:
Maine, Vcte du (Beaumont-sur-Sarthe) (Brienne)


ESNFtxt:
Maltzan, (von) vide etiam Moltzan, (von)


ESNFtxt:
Manoel de Mendoça da Sylveira Lobo (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Manoel de Noronha (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Marck, Hr und Gf von der (Mark-Altena-Berg)


ESNFtxt:
Marialva, Ms de (bâtard de Portugal)    +


ESNFtxt:
Marschall von Alfter vide Alfter, Hr von


ESNFtxt:
Marschall von Pappenheim vide etiam Pappenheim


ESNFtxt:
Medinaceli, Cde e Duque de (La Cerda-Foix)


ESNFtxt:
Medina Sidonia, Duque de (Bastard Trastamara- Burgund-Ivrea)   +


ESNFtxt:
Medina de Rioseco, Duque de (Bastard Kastilien- Burgund-Ivrea)   +


ESNFtxt:
Melgar y Rueda, Cde de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Mello de Eça, de (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Mello de Sousa, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Melo Breyner de Portugal e Castro (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Mendanha de Menezes (bâtard de Portugal)


ESNFtxt:
Mendoça de Portugal (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Mendoça de Sousa (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Mendoça Manoel, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Menezes, de (Bastard Trastamara-Burgund-Ivrea)   +


ESNFtxt:
Menezes, de (bâtard de Portugal-Bragança)


ESNFtxt:
Menezes de Sousa Chicorro, de (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Menezes de Sousa, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Menezes e Noronha, de (Bastard Trastamara-Burgund-Ivrea)   +


ESNFtxt:
Menezes Lobo da Silveira (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Menezes Lobo, de (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Merseburg, Gf von der Mark (Markgraf Gero)


ESNFtxt:
Mertenheim, von (Lewenstein-Hr vom Stein)


ESNFtxt:
Mexia Carrilho de Torres e Portugal (bâtard de Portugal)


ESNFtxt:
Militello, Bar di (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)   +


ESNFtxt:
Millendonk, Hr, Fhr und Gf von (Mirlaer)


ESNFtxt:
Mirafiori e Fontanafredda, Cte di (Savoyen)


ESNFtxt:
Miranda do Corvo, Cde de (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Miranda do Corvo, Cde de (bâtard de Portugal- Bragança)


ESNFtxt:
Miranda do Corvo, Duque de (bâtard de Portugal- Bragança)   +


ESNFtxt:
Misocco und Valle Misolcina, Fst von (Trivulzio)


ESNFtxt:
Moltzan, (von) vide etiam Maltzan, (von)


ESNFtxt:
Montagu of Beaulieu, Bar (Douglas-Scott-Montagu)


ESNFtxt:
Montendre, Bar et Ms de (La Rochefoucauld)


ESNFtxt:
Montmort et de Chassey, Bar de (Damas/Burgund)


ESNFtxt:
Navarra, de (bâtard de Navarra-Trastamara)    +


ESNFtxt:
Neuenburg, Bggf von der (Bggf von Meißen)


ESNFtxt:
Nordgau, Mkgf im (bayerischen) (Ratpotonen)


ESNFtxt:
Nordmark, Mkgf der (Gf von Haldensleben)


ESNFtxt:
Noronha de Sousa, de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Norwegen, Kg von (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg- Glücksburg)


ESNFtxt:
Nürnberg, Burggf von (Hohenzollern) vide etiam Zollern, Gf von


ESNFtxt:
Odemira, Cde de (Bastard Trastamara-Burgund-Ivrea)   +


ESNFtxt:
Österreich, Ehz und Ks von (Habsburg-Lothringen)


ESNFtxt:
Österreich, Mkgf und Hz von (Babenberger)


ESNFtxt:
Oiselet (Oiselay), Bar d´ (Burgund-Ivrea)


ESNFtxt:
Pailhars (Pallars), Cde de (Couserans, Vcte de)


ESNFtxt:
Palmella, Duque de (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Pappenheim vide etiam Marschall von Pappenheim


ESNFtxt:
Parthenay vide etiam l´Archévêque de Parthenay


ESNFtxt:
Paternoy, Bar de (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)   +


ESNFtxt:
Peralta, Bar de (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)  +


ESNFtxt:
Pereira de Bragança (bâtard de Portugal) +


ESNFtxt:
Pfalz und Pfalzgraf, Kurfürst von der (Wittelsbach)


ESNFtxt:
Pfalzgraf von Lothringen vide Lothringen,


ESNFtxt:
Plauen, Hr von vide etiam Vogt von Plauen und Reuß von Plauen


ESNFtxt:
Portugal da Sylveira Lobo (bâtard de Portugal)  +


ESNFtxt:
Puerto de Santa Maria, Cde del (La Cerda-Foix)


ESNFtxt:
Putbus, Fst und Hr zu (Wylich und Lottum)


ESNFtxt:
Rechberg, von (Marschall von Pappenheim)


ESNFtxt:
Rechteren, Gf van (Heeckeren gt van der Ese)


ESNFtxt:
Rechteren, van (Heeckeren gt van der Ese)


ESNFtxt:
Reichenbach, von vide etiam Biele (Bele), von der; Bieler von Reichenbach;


ESNFtxt:
Reinstein, Gf von vide Regenstein, Gf von


ESNFtxt:
Reuß von Plauen vide etiam Vogt von Plauen und Plauen, Hr von


ESNFtxt:
Rey, del (bâtard de Aragón-Barcelona)   +


ESNFtxt:
Ribagorza, Cde de (bâtard de Aragón-Trastamara)   +


ESNFtxt:
Ribeiro da Silva de Bragança (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Ribeiro de Sousa (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Ribera y Enriquez, de (Bastard Kastilien-Burgund-Ivrea)  +


ESNFtxt:
Roger de Chalabre (de Bruyères-Chalabre)


ESNFtxt:
Rosa y de la Mota de Trejo, de la (La Cerda-Foix)


ESNFtxt:
Roucy, de (bâtard de Sarrebruck-Commercy)   +


ESNFtxt:
Roxas de Sousa, de (bâtard de Portugal)   +


ESNFtxt:
Rußland, Gfst und Pz v (Romanow-Holstein-Gottorp)


ESNFtxt:
Rußland, Kaiserin (Zarin) von (Anhalt-Zerbst)


ESNFtxt:
Sachsen, Hz, Kurfürst und Kg von (Wettin)


ESNFtxt:
St. Andrews, Duke of (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)


